PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Tristichopteridae

Osteichthyes - Osteolepidiformes - Tristichopteridae

Taxonomy

Tristichopteridae was named by Cope (1887). Its type is Tristichopterus.

It was assigned to Rhipidistia by Cope (1887); to Sarcopterygii by Johanson and Ahlberg (2001); to Choanata by Schultze and Reed (2012); to Tetrapodomorpha by Young et al. (2013); to Osteolepidiformes by Nelson et al. (2016); to Osteolepiformes by Clement et al. (2009), Daeschler and Downs (2018); and to Cyclolepidoidei by van der Laan (2019).

Subtaxa

Bruehnopteron, Eustenopteron, Eusthenodon, Heddleichthys, Hongkongichthys, Hyneria, Jarvikina, Langlieria, Mandageria, Mandageriinae, Marsdenichthys, Notorhizodon, Platycephalichthyinae, Platycephalichthys, Tristichopterus (type genus)

Synonyms

Eusthenopteridae was named by Young et al. (1992).

It was synonymized subjectively with Tristichopteridae by van der Laan (2019).

It was assigned to Osteolepiformes by Young et al. (1992); and to Eopodoidea by Borgen and Nakrem (2016).
Mandageriinae was named by Young et al. (2019). It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Tristichopteridae by van der Laan (2019).

It was assigned to Tristichopteridae by Young et al. (2019).
Platycephalichthyinae was named by Vorobyeva (1975). It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Tristichopteridae by van der Laan (2019).
Notorhizodontidae was named by Davis (1994). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Tristichopteridae by van der Laan (2019).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1887	Tristichopteridae Cope
1975	Platycephalichthyinae Vorobyeva p. 54
1992	Eusthenopteridae Young et al.
1994	Notorhizodontidae Davis p. 70
2001	Tristichopteridae Johanson and Ahlberg
2009	Tristichopteridae Clement et al.
2012	Tristichopteridae Schultze and Reed
2013	Tristichopteridae Young et al.
2016	Eusthenopteridae Borgen and Nakrem
2016	Tristichopteridae Nelson et al. p. 110
2018	Tristichopteridae Daeschler and Downs p. 3
2019	Mandageriinae Young et al.
2019	Tristichopteridae van der Laan p. 91

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata

Rank	Name	Author
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
infraclass	Osteolepidida	(Boulenger 1901)
order	Osteolepidiformes
suborder	Cyclolepidoidei
family	Tristichopteridae	Cope 1887
family	Tristichopteridae	Cope 1887

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Tristichopteridae Cope 1887

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G. †Bruehnopteron Schultze and Reed 2012

†Bruehnopteron murphyi Schultze and Reed 2012

G. †Eustenopteron Whiteaves 1881

†Eusthenopteron foordi Whiteaves 1881

†Eusthenopteron jenkinsi Downs et al. 2018

†Eusthenopteron kurshi Zupins 2008

†Eusthenopteron obruchevi Vorobyeva 1977

†Eusthenopteron saevesoederberghi Jarvik 1937

†Eusthenopteron wenjukowi Jarvik 1937

G. †Eusthenodon Jarvik 1952

†Eusthenodon bourdoni Downs et al. 2021

†Eusthenodon gavini Johanson and Ritchie 2000

†Eusthenodon leganihanne Downs et al. 2022

†Eusthenodon wangsjoi Jarvik 1952

G. †Hyneria Thompson 1968

†Hyneria lindae Thompson 1968

G. †Jarvikina Vorobyeva 1977

G. †Mandageria Johanson and Ahlberg 1997

†Mandageria fairfaxi Johanson and Ahlberg 1997

G. †Notorhizodon Young et al. 1992

†Notorhizodon mackelveyi Young et al. 1992

G. †Platycephalichthys Vorobyeva 1959

†Platycephalichthys bischoffi Vorobyeva 1962

†Platycephalichthys rohoni Vorobyeva 1959

†Platycephalichthys skuenicus Vorobyeva 1977

G. †Tristichopterus Egerton 1861

†Tristichopterus alatus Egerton 1861

Invalid names: Eustenopteridae Young et al. 1992 [synonym], Mandageriinae Young et al. 2019 [invalid subgroup], Notorhizodontidae Davis 1994 [synonym], Platycephalichthyinae Vorobyeva 1975 [invalid subgroup]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
E. B. Daeschler and J. P. Downs 2018	Osteolepiform sarcopterygian fishes with postspiracular bone present, vomer with long caudal process clasping the parasphe- noid, circular scales with a median boss, and an elongate body with trifurcate tail (Ahlberg and Johanson, 1997).

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinesubp

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Created:

2009-07-20 21:50:54

Modified:

2009-07-20 23:50:54

Source: c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Givetian to the top of the Late/Upper Famennian or 383.40000 to 358.86000 Ma

Collections (43 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Emsian - Givetian	410.62 - 382.31	Antarctica	Eusthenopteridae indet. (207078)
Middle Devonian	393.47 - 382.31	Hong Kong	Hongkongichthys youngi (275905)
Middle Devonian	393.47 - 382.31	Latvia (Cesis)	Eusthenopteron kurshi (231930)
Givetian	387.95 - 382.31	Antarctica	Eusthenopteridae indet. (207070 207098) Notorhizodon mackelveyi (207080 207086 207087 207088 207099)
Givetian	387.95 - 382.31	USA (Nevada)	Bruehnopteron murphyi (210080)
Givetian	387.95 - 382.31	Australia (Victoria)	Marsdenichthys longioccipitus (225605)
Givetian	387.95 - 382.31	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Tristichopterus alatus (238522)
Late/Upper Givetian	383.4 - 382.31	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Tristichopterus sp. (238523)
Late/Upper Givetian	383.4 - 382.31	Australia (Victoria)	Marsdenichthys longioccipitus (196710)
Late/Upper Givetian	383.4 - 382.31	Latvia	Eusthenopteron kurshi (225777)
Early/Lower Frasnian	382.31 - 379.0	United Kingdom	Tristichopterus sp. (238524)
Early/Lower Frasnian	382.31 - 379.0	Canada (Nunavut)	Eusthenopteron jenkinsi (238424)
Frasnian	382.31 - 372.15	United Kingdom	Eusthenopteron traquairi (239215)
Frasnian	382.31 - 372.15	USA (Pennsylvania)	Langlieria smalingi (239440)
Frasnian	382.31 - 372.15	Russian Federation	Eusthenopteron saevesoederberghi, Jarvikina wenjukowi (239134)
Frasnian	382.31 - 372.15	Canada (Quebec)	Eusthenopteron foordi (179176)
Late/Upper Devonian	382.31 - 358.86	Colombia (Boyacá)	Tristichopteridae indet. (211928)
Late/Upper Devonian	382.31 - 358.86	Russian Federation	Platycephalichthys rohoni (238747)
Middle Frasnian	379.0 - 375.2	Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship)	Eusthenopteron sp. (226394)
Middle Frasnian - Late/Upper Frasnian	379.0 - 372.15	United Kingdom	Eusthenopteron sp. (239413)
Late/Upper Frasnian	375.2 - 372.15	Russian Federation	Platycephalichthys bischoffi (238745)
Famennian	372.15 - 358.86	Greenland	Eusthenodon wangsjoi (176216)
Famennian	372.15 - 358.86	Latvia	Eusthenopteron sp. (176220) Platycephalichthys skuenicus (238744) Platycephalichthys sp. (238206)
Famennian	372.15 - 358.86	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Hyneria sp. (68049)
Famennian	372.15 - 358.86	USA (Pennsylvania)	Eusthenodon leganihanne (239487) Hyneria lindae (196360)
Famennian	372.15 - 358.86	Australia (New South Wales)	Cabonnichthys burnsi, Mandageria fairfaxi (207370) Eusthenodon gavini (238074)
Late/Upper Famennian	365.2 - 358.86	Belgium (Namur)	Langlieria socqueti (197229)
Late/Upper Famennian	365.2 - 358.86	Australia (New South Wales)	Edenopteron keithcrooki (235656)
Late/Upper Famennian	365.2 - 358.86	Belgium (Liege)	Tristichopteridae indet. (208029)
Late/Upper Famennian	365.2 - 358.86	Russian Federation (Tulskaya Oblast)	Eusthenodon sp. (176224)
Late/Upper Famennian	365.2 - 358.86	USA (Pennsylvania)	Eusthenodon bourdoni (238265) Langlieria radiatus (238737)
Late/Upper Famennian	365.2 - 358.86	Russian Federation (Tula)	Eusthenodon sp. (225666)