PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Bufo cognatus (Great Plains toad)

Osteichthyes - Temnospondyli - Bufonidae

Taxonomy

Bufo cognatus was named by Say (1922). It is extant.

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

B. calamila, B. compactilis, B. douglassi, B. fowleri, B. hemiophrys, B. japonicus, B. linchuensis, B. marinus, B. occidentalis, B. paracnemis, B. priscus, B. punctatus, B. regularis, B. spinosus, B. spinulosus, B. stylaris, B. tarloi, B. valliceps, B. woodhousei, B. woodhousi, B. hemiophrys, B. maritanicus, B. mauritanicus, B. spinosus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1922	Bufo cognatus Say

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Tetrapoda
class	Amphibia
order	Temnospondyli	()
—	Lissamphibia	()
—	Batrachia	(Macartney 1802)
order	Salientia
suborder	Anura	()
—	Neobatrachia	(Reig 1958)
family	Bufonidae	Gray 1825
genus	Bufo	Laurenti 1768
species	cognatus	Say 1922

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Bufo cognatus Say 1922 [Great Plains toad]

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Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

brackish, freshwater, terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilesubo

Life habit:

amphibioussubo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Dispersal:

waterc

Created:

2009-07-20 21:44:54

Modified:

2009-07-20 23:44:54

Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Uhen 2004

Age range: base of the Clarendonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 12.50000 to 0.01170 Ma

Collections (18 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Kansas)	Bufo cognatus (18450)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Nebraska)	Bufo cognatus (277342)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Kansas)	Bufo cognatus (277339)
Blancan	4.7 - 1.4	USA (Nebraska)	Bufo cognatus (19954 27572)
Irvingtonian	1.4 - 0.21	USA (Texas)	Bufo cognatus (20530)
Irvingtonian	1.4 - 0.21	USA (Kansas)	Bufo cognatus (20137 20516 191915)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (Colorado)	Bufo cognatus (20359 20360 20361 20369 20370 27667)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Kansas)	Bufo cognatus (76049)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Kansas)	Bufo cognatus (277343)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Texas)	Bufo cognatus (79632)