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Menodus torvus

Osteichthyes - Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae

Taxonomy
Symborodon torvus was named by Cope (1873) [genotype]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Horsetail Creek, which is in a Chadronian terrestrial horizon in the White River Formation of Colorado. It is the type species of Symborodon.

It was recombined as Titanotherium torvum by Osborn (1896); it was recombined as Menodus torvus by Osborn (1929), Clark and Beerbower (1967); it was considered a nomen dubium by Mader (1989), Mader (1998).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1873Symborodon torrus Cope pp. 2 - 3
1873Symborodon torvus Cope pp. 2 - 3
1896Titanotherium torvum Osborn p. 176
1902Symborodon torvus Hay p. 637
1929Menodus torvus Osborn p. 520
1967Menodus torvus Clark and Beerbower

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
familyBrontotheriidae()
subfamilyBrontotheriinaeMarsh 1873
tribeBrontotheriiniMarsh 1873
subtribeBrontotheriinaMarsh 1873
BrontotheriitaMarsh 1873
genusMenodus
speciestorvus()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Menodus torvus Cope 1873
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 14:53:16
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:53:16
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Mader 1998, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: Chadronian or 37.00000 to 33.90000 Ma

Collections: one only


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Chadronian37.0 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Symborodon torvus (16977)