PBDB Taxon

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Toxotherium hunteri

Mammalia - Perissodactyla

Taxonomy

Toxotherium hunteri was named by Wood (1961) [genotype]. It is the type species of Toxotherium.

Synonyms

Schizotheriodes jackwilsoni was named by Schiebout (1977).

It was synonymized subjectively with Toxotherium hunteri by Emry (1979), Schoch (1989) and Colbert and Schoch (1998).
Toxotherium woodi was named by Skinner and Gooris (1966).

It was synonymized subjectively with Toxotherium hunteri by Emry (1979), Wilson and Schiebout (1984), Schoch (1989) and Colbert and Schoch (1998).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1961	Toxotherium hunteri Wood
1966	Toxotherium woodi Skinner and Gooris
1967	Toxotherium woodi Harris p. 4
1977	Schizotheriodes jackwilsoni Schiebout
1977	Schizotheroides jackwilsoni Schiebout p. 455 figs. Text-fig. 1;Table 1

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
—	Tapiromorpha	(Haeckel 1873)
—	Ceratomorpha	(Wood 1937)
superfamily	Rhinocerotoidea
genus	Toxotherium
species	hunteri

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Toxotherium hunteri Wood 1961

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Invalid names: Schizotheriodes jackwilsoni Schiebout 1977 [synonym], Toxotherium woodi Skinner and Gooris 1966 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
J. A. Schiebout 1977 (Schizotheroides jackwilsoni)	Schizotheroides jackwilsoni is larger and more hypsodont than S. parvus. Schizotheroides parvus is known only from USNM 20205, M2 and M3 from the Sage Creek area, late Eocene, Beaverhead County, Montana. One of the M3'sof S. jackwilsoni is 54% longer than USMN 20205 and the other is 62%longer. M3of S. jackwilsoni is longer and wider than M2, while in S. parvus M2 is slightly longer than M3 and was probably wider. The parastyle of M2 of S. parvus is broken off, so that accurate width comparisons to M3 cannot be made.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingsubo

Diet:

browsersubo

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-31 15:03:12

Modified:

2005-08-31 17:03:12

Source: subo = suborder, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Colbert and Schoch 1998

Age range: base of the Chadronian to the top of the Duchesnean or 37.20000 to 37.00000 Ma

Collections (7 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Texas)	Schizotheroides jackwilsoni (16828)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	Toxotherium hunteri (16961 17045) Toxotherium woodi (16986)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Texas)	Schizotheriodes jackwilsoni (16931)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Toxotherium hunteri (16919 16979)