PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Dugong (dugong)

Osteichthyes - Sirenia - Dugongidae

Taxonomy

Dugong was named by Lacépède (1799). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Halicore by Trouessart (1904).

It was assigned to Dugongidae by Gray (1821), Palmer (1904); and to Dugonginae by Simpson (1932), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Heal (1973), Husar (1978), Domning (1979), Domning (1994), Domning (1996), Domning (1997), Rice (1998), Voss (2014), Domning (2018).

Species

D. dugon (syn. Halicore australis, Halicore hemprichii, Halicore tabernaculi, Halicore lottum, D. indicus, Halicore cetacea, Trichechus dugung)

Species lacking formal opinion data

D. dugong

Synonyms

Halicore is a genus. It is extant. Its type is Dugong dugon.

It was synonymized subjectively with Dugong by Husar (1978), Domning (1996).

It was assigned to Sirenia by Illiger (1811); to Sirenia by Fischer (1829); to Sirenia by Brandt (1849); to Dugongidae by Pictet (1853); to Manatidae by Gray (1850), Gray (1866), Scott (1873); to Halicoridae by Gray (1825), Gill (1872), Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Turner (1912); to Halicorinae by Abel (1919); and to Sirenia by Zittel (1925).
Platystomus was named by Fischer von Waldheim (1803) [not Platystoma Meigen, 1803 (Insecta)].

It was synonymized subjectively with Dugong by Husar (1978), Domning (1996).
Dugungus was named by Tiedemann (1808). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Dugong by Husar (1978), Domning (1996).
Amblychilus was named by Fischer von Waldheim (1814). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Dugong by Domning (1996).
Dugongidus was named by Gray (1821). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Dugong by Husar (1978), Domning (1996).
Halicora was named by Fleming (1822).

It was synonymized subjectively with Dugong by Domning (1996).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1799	Dugong Lacépède
1803	Platystomus Fischer von Waldheim p. 353
1808	Dugungus Tiedemann p. 554
1811	Halicore Illiger p. 140
1814	Amblychilus Fischer von Waldheim p. 638
1821	Dugong Gray p. 309
1821	Dugongidus Gray p. 309
1822	Halicora Fleming p. 204
1825	Halicore Gray p. 340
1829	Halicore Fischer p. 502
1849	Halicore Brandt p. 1
1850	Halicore Gray p. 141
1853	Halicore Pictet p. 373
1866	Halicore Gray p. 360
1872	Halicore Gill p. 92
1873	Halicore Scott p. 51
1898	Halicore Trouessart p. 1006
1904	Dugong Palmer p. 248
1904	Halicore Trouessart p. 751
1912	Halicore Turner p. 145
1919	Halicore Abel p. 835
1925	Halicore Zittel p. 264
1932	Dugong Simpson p. 424
1963	Dugong Scheffer and Rice p. 4
1973	Dugong Heal p. 200
1978	Dugong Husar p. 1
1979	Dugong Domning
1994	Dugong Domning p. 189
1996	Dugong Domning p. 391
1997	Dugong Domning p. 398
1998	Dugong Rice p. 131
2014	Dugong Voss p. 91 figs. Figure 3
2018	Dugong Domning p. 857 figs. Fig. 1

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
superorder	Afrotheria
—	Paenungulatomorpha
superorder	Paenungulata
—	Tethytheria
order	Sirenia	()
family	Dugongidae
subfamily	Dugonginae
genus	Dugong

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Dugong Lacépède 1799 [dugong]

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Dugong dugon Illiger 1811 [dugong]

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Invalid names: Dugong indicus Lacépède 1799 [synonym], Halicore australis Owen 1847 [synonym], Halicore cetacea Heuglin 1877 [synonym], Halicore hemprichii Ehrenberg 1832 [synonym], Halicore lottum Ehrenberg 1832 [synonym], Halicore tabernaculi Ruppell 1843 [synonym], Trichechus dugung Erxleben 1777 [synonym]

Invalid names: Amblychilus Fischer von Waldheim 1814 [synonym], Dugongidus Gray 1821 [synonym], Dugungus Tiedemann 1808 [synonym], Halicora Fleming 1822 [synonym], Halicore [synonym], Platystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1803 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinef

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

aquaticf

Diet:

herbivoref

Reproduction:

viviparousf

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-06-08 12:11:09

Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Domning 1979, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 5.33300 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma

Collections (14 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Messinian - Piacenzian	7.246 - 2.58	Australia (South Australia)	Dugong sp. (50343)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Australia (South Australia)	Dugong sp. (65160)
Quaternary	2.58 - 0.0	Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)	Halicore brevirostre (144584)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	New Caledonia	Dugong dugon (83457 83458 83461 83462 83463 83464 83465 83466 83467 83468)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Australia (Victoria)	Dugong dugon (123111)