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Cyatheaceae (scaly tree fern)
Taxonomy
Cyatheaceae was named by Kaulfuss (1827). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by I (2016).
It was assigned to Filicopsida by MacGinitie (1941); to Filicales by Knowlton (1919), MacGinitie (1941), Hickey (1977) and Smith et al. (2003); and to Cyatheales by Carpenter (1991), Bera et al. (2014) and I (2016).
It was assigned to Filicopsida by MacGinitie (1941); to Filicales by Knowlton (1919), MacGinitie (1941), Hickey (1977) and Smith et al. (2003); and to Cyatheales by Carpenter (1991), Bera et al. (2014) and I (2016).
Subtaxa
Alsophila, Alsophilidites, Alsophilites, Alsophilocaulis, Cibotiocaulis, Cibotium, Conantiopteris, Coniopteris (syn. Polystichites), Cyathea (syn. Cnemidaria, Hemitelia, Trichopteris), Cyatheites, Cyatheopteris, Cyathocaulis, Cyathodendron, Cyathoforma, Cyathoides, Cyathorachis, Dendropteridium, Dicksoniopsis, Fasciostelopteris, Haydenia, Hemitelites, Kulyisporites, Protocyathea, Pteridocaulis, Tympanophora, Yezopteris
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1827 | Cyatheaceae Kaulfuss |
| 1919 | Cyatheaceae Knowlton |
| 1941 | Cyatheaceae MacGinitie |
| 1977 | Cyatheaceae Hickey |
| 1991 | Cyatheaceae Carpenter |
| 2003 | Cyatheaceae Smith et al. |
| 2014 | Cyatheaceae Bera et al. |
| 2016 | Cyatheaceae I |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Cyatheaceae Kaulfuss 1827 [scaly tree fern]
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G. †Alsophilidites Cookson
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†Alsophilidites bellus Venkatachala et al. 1968
†Alsophilidites densus Singh et al. 1964
†Alsophilidites exilis Sah and Jain 1965
†Alsophilidites grandis Sah and Jain 1965
†Alsophilidites kerguelensis Cookson 1947
†Alsophilidites pannuceus Brenner 1963
G. Cibotium Kaulfuss 1820 [manfern]
G. †Coniopteris Brongniart 1849
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†Coniopteris burejensis Zalessky 1904
†Coniopteris frutiformis Douglas 1973
†Coniopteris hymenophylloides Brongniart 1828
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Invalid names: Adiantites amurensis Heer 1876 [synonym]
†Coniopteris murrayana Brongniart 1835
Invalid names: Polystichites Presl 1838 [replaced]
G. Cyathea Smith 1793
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†Cyathea siwalika Bera et al. 2014
†Cyathea tchihatcheffi Schmalhausen 1879
Invalid names: Cnemidaria Presl 1836 [synonym], Hemitelia Brown 1810 [synonym], Trichopteris Hall 1845 [synonym]
G. †Cyatheites Goeppert 1836
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†Cyatheites nebraskana Heer 1868
†Cyatheites schlotheimmii Goeppert 1836
G. †Cyatheopteris Schimper 1869
G. †Cyathoides Berry 1922
G. †Hemitelites Goeppert 1836
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†Hemitelites hemitelioides Brongniart 1834
†Hemitelites torelli Heer 1869
G. †Protocyathea Feistmantel 1877
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†Protocyathea rajmahalense Jacob 1937
†Protocyathea trichinopoliensis Feistmantel 1877
†Protocyathea ungeri Feistmantel 1877
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Westphalian D to the top of the Holocene or 309.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 307.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 307.0 Ma
Collections (748 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carboniferous | Canada (New Brunswick) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (12426 12724) | |
| Carboniferous - Permian | USA (West Virginia) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (13191) | |
| Carboniferous - Permian | USA (Alaska) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (23160) | |
| Pennsylvanian | USA | Pecopteris hemitelioides (13272) | |
| Westphalian D - Moscovian | USA (Oklahoma) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (21275) | |
| Westphalian D - Khamovnikian | Germany (Saarland) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (32504) | |
| Westphalian D - Stephanian A | USA (Ohio) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (11187) | |
| Stephanian B - Gzhelian | Spain (Pirineo Catalan) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (25389) | |
| Stephanian C | Spain (Pirineo Catalan) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (25391) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | USA (Texas) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (11165) | |
| Autunian | Portugal | Pecopteris hemitelioides (25207) | |
| Autunian | United Kingdom (England) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (25382) | |
| Autunian | France | Pecopteris hemitelioides (25089 25090 25188) | |
| Asselian - Kungurian | USA (Kansas) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (11162) | |
| Permian | USA (Texas) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (24622) | |
| Artinskian - Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Pecopteris hemitelioides (24624) | |
| Kungurian - Changhsingian | South Korea | Coniopteris sp. 1, Coniopteris sp. 2, Coniopteris sp. 3, Coniopteris sp. 4 (30259) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Australia (New South Wales) | Coniopteris sp. 1, Coniopteris sp. 2 (29451) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Russian Federation | Coniopteris sp. 1 (30489) | |
| Ladinian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Barentsøya) | Coniopteris sp. (212895) | |