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Equisetum (horsetail)
Taxonomy
Equisetum was named by Linnaeus (1753). It is extant. It is the type genus of Equisetaceae. It was considered monophyletic by I (2016).
It was assigned to Equisetales by Lakhanpal et al. (1976) and Chandra and Tewari (1991); and to Equisetaceae by Knowlton (1899), Knowlton (1919), Knowlton (1926), Christophel (1976), Lapasha and Miller (1985), McIver and Basinger (1993), Upchurch et al. (1994), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000), Mehrotra et al. (2009) and I (2016).
It was assigned to Equisetales by Lakhanpal et al. (1976) and Chandra and Tewari (1991); and to Equisetaceae by Knowlton (1899), Knowlton (1919), Knowlton (1926), Christophel (1976), Lapasha and Miller (1985), McIver and Basinger (1993), Upchurch et al. (1994), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000), Mehrotra et al. (2009) and I (2016).
Species
E. abiquiense, E. arcticum, E. arvense, E. burchardti (syn. E. marylandicum, E. virginicum), E. canaliculatum, E. cascadensis, E. collieri, E. columnare, E. deciduum, E. florissantense, E. fluviatile, E. globulosum, E. haguei, E. haydenii, E. knowltoni, E. laevigatum, E. lesquereuxii, E. lyellii, E. magnum, E. meriani, E. mokhotlongensis, E. montanense, E. muensteri, E. newberryi (syn. E. robustum), E. oregonense (syn. E. hornii), E. parlatorii, E. perlaevigatum (syn. E. laevigatum), E. phillipsii, E. rajmahalense, E. robustum, E. rogersii (syn. Calamites disjunctus, Calamites arenaceus, E. columnaroides, E. arundiniforme, Phytolithus striaticulmis), E. scirpoides, E. similkamense, E. sylvaticum, E. texense, E. wyomingense
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1753 | Equisetum Linnaeus |
| 1899 | Equisetum Knowlton |
| 1919 | Equisetum Knowlton |
| 1926 | Equisetum Knowlton |
| 1976 | Equisetum Christophel |
| 1976 | Equisetum Lakhanpal et al. |
| 1985 | Equisetum Lapasha and Miller |
| 1991 | Equisetum Chandra and Tewari |
| 1993 | Equisetum McIver and Basinger |
| 1994 | Equisetum Upchurch et al. |
| 1996 | Equisetum Liu et al. |
| 2000 | Equisetum Mabberley |
| 2009 | Equisetum Mehrotra et al. |
| 2016 | Equisetum I |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Equisetum Linnaeus 1753 [horsetail]
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†Equisetum abiquiense Fontaine 1890
†Equisetum arcticum Heer 1866
Equisetum arvense Linnaeus 1753
†Equisetum burchardti Dunker 1846
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Invalid names: Equisetum marylandicum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Equisetum virginicum Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Equisetum canaliculatum Knowlton 1899
†Equisetum cascadensis Lapasha and Miller 1985
†Equisetum collieri Knowlton 1914
†Equisetum columnare Brongniart 1828
†Equisetum deciduum Knowlton 1899
†Equisetum florissantense Cockerell 1915
Equisetum fluviatile Linnaeus 1753
†Equisetum globulosum Lesquereux 1882
†Equisetum haguei Knowlton 1899
†Equisetum haydenii Lesquereux 1871
†Equisetum knowltoni Fontaine 1890
†Equisetum laevigatum Braun 1867
†Equisetum lesquereuxii Knowlton 1898
†Equisetum lyellii Mantell
†Equisetum magnum Hickey 1977
†Equisetum meriani Brongniart 1828
†Equisetum mokhotlongensis Ellenberger 1970
†Equisetum montanense Fontaine 1898
†Equisetum muensteri Sternberg 1833
†Equisetum newberryi Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Equisetum robustum Newberry 1863 [replaced]
†Equisetum parlatorii Heer 1855
†Equisetum perlaevigatum Cockerell 1889
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Invalid names: Equisetum laevigatum Lesquereux 1873 [synonym]
†Equisetum phillipsii Dunker 1843
†Equisetum rajmahalense Oldham and Morris 1863
†Equisetum robustum Braun 1844
†Equisetum rogersii Bunbury 1851
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Invalid names: Calamites arenaceus Emmons 1856 [synonym], Calamites disjunctus Emmons 1856 [synonym], Equisetum arundiniforme Rogers 1843 [synonym], Equisetum columnaroides Emmons 1856 [synonym], Phytolithus striaticulmis Martin 1809 [synonym]
Equisetum scirpoides Michaux 1803
†Equisetum similkamense Dawson 1878
Equisetum sylvaticum Linnaeus 1753
†Equisetum texense Fontaine 1893
†Equisetum wyomingense Lesquereux 1873
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Mississippian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 358.90000 to 0.01200 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 323.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 323.2 Ma
Collections (346 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mississippian | USA (Kentucky) | Equisetum arvense (13593) | |
| Wolfcampian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | Equisetum sp. (24613) | |
| Sakmarian - Asselian | Canada (Prince Edward Island) | Calamites arenaceus (24486) | |
| Roadian - Changhsingian | Antarctica | Equisetum sp. 1 (29363) | |
| Capitanian - Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Equisetum modderdriftense (14290) | |
| Induan | Germany (Hessische Senke) | Equisetum arenaceum (24701 24702) | |
| Induan | Germany (Suddeutsche Senke) | Equisetum mougeotii (24709) | |
| Induan | France | Equisetum mougeotii, Equisetum brongniartii (24671) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Germany | Calamites arenaceus (24731 24732) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Germany (Eifel) | Equisetum mougeotii (24735) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Germany (Suddeutsche Senke) | Equisetum mougeotii (24713 24714) | |
| Anisian - Ladinian | Germany (Eifel) | Equisetum mougeotii (24742) | |
| Ladinian - Norian | France (Savoie) | Equisetum mytharum (24672) | |
| Carnian | Austria | Equisetum arenaceum, Equisetum strigatum (24680) | |
| Carnian | South Africa | Equisetum sp. (23084) | |
| Carnian | Lesotho | Equisetum sp. (23075) | |
| Carnian | South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal) | Equisetum sp. (23002) | |
| Carnian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Equisetum sp. (23004 23086 23131 23133 23134 23142 23143 23170 23261 23263 23317) | |
| Carnian - Norian | France (Lorraine) | Equisetum mytharum, Equisetum arenaceum (24674) | |
| Carnian - Norian | USA (North Carolina) | Equisetales indet. (89149) | |