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Taxonomy
Abies was named by Miller (1754). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Gernandt et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Abietineae by Knowlton (1919); to Pinaceae by Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Shoshani et al. (1989), Chauhan (1991), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000); and to Abietoideae by Gernandt et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Abietineae by Knowlton (1919); to Pinaceae by Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Shoshani et al. (1989), Chauhan (1991), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000); and to Abietoideae by Gernandt et al. (2016).
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1754 | Abies Miller |
| 1919 | Abies Knowlton |
| 1976 | Abies Lakhanpal et al. |
| 1989 | Abies Shoshani et al. p. 434 |
| 1991 | Abies Chauhan |
| 1996 | Abies Liu et al. |
| 2000 | Abies Mabberley |
| 2016 | Abies Gernandt et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Abies Miller 1754 [fir]
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Abies balsamea Linnaeus 1753
†Abies concoloroides Brown 1940
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ladinian to the top of the Holocene or 241.46400 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma
Collections (101 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ladinian | Hungary | Abies sp. (24669) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Abies sp. (34894) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Idaho) | Abies concoloroides (35348) Abies conncoloroides (35347) | |
| Ypresian | Canada (British Columbia) | Abies milleri, Abies sp. (227994) | |
| Eocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Abies milleri (179231) | |
| Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | Abies longirostris (24209) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Oregon) | Abies sp. (35221) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Idaho) | Abies idahoensis (27569) | |
| Oligocene - Miocene | USA (Montana) | Abies laticarpa (24315) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene - Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Abies chaneyi, Abies sonomensis (35921) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Sachsen) | Abies resinosa, Abies species (24179 24183) Abies sp. (24184) | |
| Miocene - Oligocene | USA (Montana) | Abies alvordensis, Abies laticarpa, Abies concoloroides (23975) | |
| Miocene | USA (Montana) | Abies alvordensis, Abies laticarpa, Abies concoloroides (23973) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Aichi) | Abies sp. (22820) | |
| Miocene | USA (Idaho) | Abies klamathensis, Abies sonomensis, Abies toxirivus, Abies alvordensis, Abies concoloroides (35278) | |
| Miocene | USA (Massachusetts) | Abies sp. (231784) | |
| Miocene | China (Xizang) | Abies sp. (223821) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Nagano) | Abies protofirma (22789) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Nevada) | Abies laticarpus, Abies concoloroides (27179 27702) Abies laticarpus, Abies scherri (27701) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nevada) | Abies concoloroides (27660) Abies klamathensis (27630 27631) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Germany (Sachsen) | Abies sp. (27279) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | Abies alba, Abies homolepis, Abies nephrolepsis, Abies koreana, Abies sclereidea, Abies sp. 1, Abies sp. 2 (28442) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (Nevada) | Abies laticarpus (27700) | |
| Middle Miocene | Russian Federation | Abies sp. (45451) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Abies resinosa (22899 23025 23618 27524) Abies sp. (23611 27013) | |
| Serravallian | USA (California) | Abies klamathensis (27529) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Nevada) | Abies klamathensis (27626) Abies klamathensis, Abies scherrii (27525 27527) Abies klamathensis, Abies scherrii, Abies nevadensis (27629) Abies scherrii (27627) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Sachsen) | Abies sp. (27376 27381) | |
| Early/Lower Clarendonian | USA (Nevada) | Abies concoloroides (27659 27661 27662) | |
| Tortonian | Türkiye (Yalova) | Abies sp. (184470) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Russian Federation (Omsk) | Abies sp. (24099) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (California) | Abies concoloroides (35270) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Japan (Gunma) | Abies protofirma (21224) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Germany (Sachsen) | Abies sp. (27277) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Nevada) | Abies concoloroides (35908 35922) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Germany (Thuringia) | Abies sp. (22771) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (Thuringia) | Abies resinosa, Abies sp. (22778) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Sichuan) | Abies faxoniana, Abies squamata, Abies sp. (223871) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Kishiwada city) | Abies sp. (168070) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Kyoto City) | Abies sp. (168071 168082) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | Abies sp. (61887) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Kashmir) | Abies sp. (224612 224613 224614 224715 224751) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Jammu & Kashmir) | Abies sp. (225945) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Abies sp. (228772) | |
| Quaternary | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Abies sp. (228774 228775 228777 228778) | |
| Quaternary | India (Sikkim) | Abies sp. (228779) | |
| Quaternary | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Abies sp. (228760 228761 228776) | |
| Ionian | Italy (Apulia) | Abies sp. (157641) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Abies sp. (228782) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Italy | Abies sp. (38321) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Japan (Kyoto) | Abies firma (224408) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Michigan) | Abies sp. (70130 70131) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Abies sp. (103358) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Washington) | Abies sp. (93677) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan (Hokkaido) | Abies sp. (65401) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Abies sp. (75232) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | Canada (Alberta) | Abies sp. (93528) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Michigan) | Abies balsamea (63150) Abies sp. (63249 63269) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Utah) | Abies sp. (126595) | |
| Holocene | Japan (Kyoto city) | Abies sp. (168083) | |
| Holocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Abies sp. (228764 228780 228781) | |
| Holocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Abies sp. (228783) | |
| Holocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Abies sp. (228762 228763 228773 228784) |