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Pristerodon mackayi

Anomodontia

Taxonomy

Pristerodon mackayi was named by Huxley (1868). Its type specimen is BMNH R 1810, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is East London Area, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa. It is the type species of Pristerodon.

Synonyms

Emydops longiceps was named by Broom (1913). Its type specimen is AMNH 5578, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Lemoenfontein, Beaufort West, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Fröbisch and Reisz (2008).
Oudenodon trigoniceps was named by Broom (1904). Its type specimen is AMG 2825, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Pearston Area, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial horizon in the Middelton Formation of South Africa. It is the type species of Emydopsis.

It was recombined as Dicynodon trigoniceps by Broom (1913); it was recombined as Emydopsis trigoniceps by Broom (1921); it was recombined as Emydops trigoniceps by Toerien (1953); it was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Fröbisch and Reisz (2008).
Emydops murraysburgensis was named by Toerien (1953). Its type specimen is B.P.I. No. 300, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Blaauwpoort, Murraysburg, Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial siliciclastic in South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Fröbisch and Reisz (2008).
Emydops kitchingi was named by Toerien (1953). Its type specimen is B.P.I. No. 301, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Blaauwpoort, Murraysburg, Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial siliciclastic in South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Fröbisch and Reisz (2008).
Emydopsis microdon was named by Broom (1936). Its type specimen is TM 269, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Leeukloof, which is in a Wuchiapingian crevasse splay sandstone/claystone in the Teekloof Formation of South Africa.

It was recombined as Emydops microdon by Toerien (1953); it was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Fröbisch and Reisz (2008).
Brachyuraniscus reuningi was named by Broili and Schröder (1935) [Type specimen destroyed in WW2]. Its type specimen is BSPG 1934-VIII-26, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Farm La-de-da, which is in a Capitanian fluvial siliciclastic in South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Angielczyk et al. (2016).
Brachyuraniscus merwevillensis was named by Toerien (1953). Its type specimen is BP/1/346, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Buffelsvlei, which is in a Capitanian terrestrial siliciclastic in South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Angielczyk et al. (2016).
Dicynodon microrhynchus was named by von Huene (1931). Its type specimen is GPIT unnumbered, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Kuilspoort, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was recombined as Pristerodon microrhynchus by King (1988); it was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon pygmaeus was named by Broom and Haughton (1917). Its type specimen is SAM-PK-2664, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Dunedin, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was recombined as Diictodon pygmaeus by Cluver and Hotton (1981); it was synonymized subjectively with Diictodon feliceps by Brink (1986); it was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Oudenodon raniceps was named by Owen (1876). Its type specimen is NHMUK R1650, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is East London Area, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was recombined as Dicynodon raniceps by Broom (1913); it was recombined as Pristerodon raniceps by Broom (1915), Haughton and Brink (1954) and King (1988); it was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Broom (1913) and Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon swierstrai was named by Broom (1940). Its type specimen is RC 43, a skull (Now lost), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Klipfontein (Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone), which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Brink (1986); it was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Parringtoniella broomi was named by Toerien (1953). Its type specimen is BPI 302, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Aasvoëlkrans, Murraysburg (Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone), which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial siliciclastic in South Africa. It is the type species of Parringtoniella.

It was recombined as Pristerodon broomi by King and Rubidge (1993); it was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by Fröbisch (2009).
Cerataelurus mirabilis was named by Broom (1931). Its type specimen is AMNH 5307, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Cerataelurus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pristerodon mackayi by King and Rubidge (1993).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1868	Pristerodon mackayi Huxley
1876	Oudenodon raniceps Owen
1904	Oudenodon trigoniceps Broom
1913	Dicynodon raniceps Broom
1913	Dicynodon trigoniceps Broom
1913	Emydops longiceps Broom
1913	Pristerodon mackayi Broom
1915	Pristerodon raniceps Broom
1917	Dicynodon pygmaeus Broom and Haughton
1921	Emydopsis trigoniceps Broom
1931	Cerataelurus mirabilis Broom
1931	Dicynodon microrhynchus von Huene
1935	Brachyuraniscus reuningi Broili and Schröder
1936	Emydopsis microdon Broom
1940	Dicynodon swierstrai Broom
1953	Brachyuraniscus merwevillensis Toerien
1953	Emydops kitchingi Toerien
1953	Emydops microdon Toerien
1953	Emydops murraysburgensis Toerien
1953	Emydops trigoniceps Toerien
1953	Parringtoniella broomi Toerien
1953	Brachyuraniscus merwevillensis Toerien p. 61
1954	Pristerodon raniceps Haughton and Brink
1981	Diictodon pygmaeus Cluver and Hotton
1988	Pristerodon microrhynchus King
1988	Pristerodon raniceps King
1993	Pristerodon broomi King and Rubidge

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
order	Anomodontia	Owen 1859
order	Dicynodontia	()
—	Endothiodontia	(Owen 1876)
genus	Pristerodon	Huxley 1868
species	mackayi

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Pristerodon mackayi Huxley 1868

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Invalid names: Brachyuraniscus merwevillensis Toerien 1953 [synonym], Brachyuraniscus reuningi Broili and Schröder 1935 [synonym], Cerataelurus mirabilis Broom 1931 [synonym], Dicynodon swierstrai Broom 1940 [synonym], Diictodon pygmaeus Broom and Haughton 1917 [synonym], Emydops kitchingi Toerien 1953 [synonym], Emydops longiceps Broom 1913 [synonym], Emydops microdon Broom 1936 [synonym], Emydops murraysburgensis Toerien 1953 [synonym], Emydops trigoniceps Broom 1904 [synonym], Parringtoniella broomi Toerien 1953 [synonym], Pristerodon microrhynchus von Huene 1931 [synonym], Pristerodon raniceps Owen 1876 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Diet:

herbivoreg

Created:

2009-01-03 20:47:52

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:47:52

Source: g = genus, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Benton 1983, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Capitanian or 259.90000 to 259.51000 Ma

Collections (24 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Capitanian	264.28 - 259.51	South Africa (Western Cape)	Brachyuraniscus merwevillensis (176355) Brachyuraniscus reuningi (31777)
Capitanian	264.28 - 259.51	South Africa (Northern Cape)	Pristerodon mackayi (176246)
Capitanian - Wuchiapingian	264.28 - 254.17	South Africa (Western Cape)	Emydops longiceps (177588)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Dicynodon swierstrai (176331) Emydops microdon (174717) Oudenodon trigoniceps (176830) Pristerodon mackayi, Oudenodon raniceps (type locality: 178109)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	India (Andhra Pradesh)	Pristerodon mackayi (80572)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Zambia	Pristerodon mackayi (184600 184667 184668 184669 184670)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	South Africa (Western Cape)	Dicynodon microrhynchus (175565) Dicynodon pygmaeus (171377) Emydops longiceps (180782) Emydops murraysburgensis, Emydops kitchingi (116452) Emydopsis microdon (22661) Parringtoniella broomi (181609) Pristerodon mackayi (86282 86286 86300 86302)