PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Loxoplocus gothlandicus

Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Lophospiridae

Discussion

= Pleurotomaria bicincta (Hall 1847) sensu Lindström 1884 106 - 107 pl. 8 f. 15-25

Taxonomy

Lophospira gothlandica was named by Ulrich and Scofield (1897). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Loxoplocus gotlandicus by Wagner (1999); it was recombined as Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

L. mojeroensis, L. curvistriata, L. curvistriata

Synonyms

Loxoplocus (Lophospira) vostokovae was named by Kurushin (1986) [= Loxoplocus (Lophospira) sp. Vostokova 1962 p. 17 pl. 3 f. 5-6]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).
Murchisonia hespelerensis was named by Whiteaves (1884) [Murchisonia Hespelerensis]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Hespeler, which is in a Ludlow open shallow subtidal dolomite in the Guelph Formation of Canada.

It was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).
Lophospira luomianensis was named by Xi and Yu (1990). It is not extant. Its type locality is Luomianen, Kaili, which is in a Telychian carbonate limestone in the Xiushan Formation of China.

It was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).
Lophospira bispiralis was named by Clarke and Ruedemann (1903). It is not extant. Its type locality is 1.75 miles south of Shelby, which is in a Homerian carbonate limestone in the Goat Island Formation of New York.

It was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gotlandicus by Wagner (2023).
Lophospira bucheri was named by Foerste (1923). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).
Lophospira ehlersi was named by Foerste (1923). It is not extant. Its type locality is Quarry ½ mile northwest of Centerville, which is in an Alexandrian carbonate limestone in the Brassfield Formation of Ohio.

It was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).
Lophospira guelphica was named by Whiteaves (1906). It is not extant. Its type locality is Durham, Billings Localities, which is in a Gorstian carbonate limestone/dolomite in the Guelph Formation of Canada.

It was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).
Murchisonia xanthippe was named by Billings (1865). It is not extant. Its type locality is Galt, which is in a Ludlow open shallow subtidal dolomite in the Guelph Formation of Canada.

It was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).
Trochonema bijugosa was named by Reed (1901) [Trochonema bijugosa Salter in Cowper Reed 1901]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).
Worthenia infidelis was named by Perner (1903) [Worthenia infidelis Barrande in Perner 1903]. It is not extant.

It was recombined as Pleurotomaria (Worthenia) infidelis by Perner (1907); it was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).
Worthenia rarissima was named by Perner (1903) [Worthenia rarissima Barrande in Perner 1903]. It is not extant. Its type locality is Kozel, near Beroun, which is in a Gorstian carbonate limestone in the Kopanina Formation of Czechia. It is the type species of Eoworthenia.

It was recombined as Pleurotomaria (Worthenia) rarissima by Perner (1907); it was recombined as Eoworthenia rarissima by Frýda (1998); it was synonymized subjectively with Loxoplocus gothlandicus by Wagner (2023).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1865	Murchisonia xanthippe Billings
1884	Murchisonia hespelerensis Whiteaves pp. 24 - 25 figs. pl. 4 f. 3
1897	Lophospira gothlandica Ulrich and Scofield p. 963
1901	Trochonema bijugosa Reed
1903	Lophospira bispiralis Clarke and Ruedemann
1903	Worthenia infidelis Perner
1903	Worthenia rarissima Perner
1906	Lophospira guelphica Whiteaves
1907	Pleurotomaria (Worthenia) infidelis Perner pp. 64 - 65 figs. text fig. 152
1907	Pleurotomaria (Worthenia) rarissima Perner p. 65
1923	Lophospira bucheri Foerste
1923	Lophospira ehlersi Foerste
1923	Lophospira bucheri Foerste pp. 107 - 108 figs. pl. 15 f. 9
1986	Loxoplocus (Lophospira) vostokovae Kurushin p. 105 figs. pl. 8 f. 8
1990	Lophospira luomianensis Xi and Yu pp. 620 - 622 figs. pl. I f. 10-13
1998	Eoworthenia rarissima Frýda p. 230
1999	Loxoplocus gotlandicus Wagner p. 30
2023	Loxoplocus gothlandicus Wagner

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca

Rank	Name	Author
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Orthogastropoda
order	Murchisoniina
superfamily	Trochonematoidea	()
family	Lophospiridae
genus	Loxoplocus
species	gothlandicus	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Loxoplocus gothlandicus Ulrich and Scofield 1897

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Invalid names: Loxoplocus bijugosus Reed 1901 [synonym], Loxoplocus bispiralis Clarke and Ruedemann 1903 [synonym], Loxoplocus bucheri Foerste 1923 [synonym], Loxoplocus ehlersi Foerste 1923 [synonym], Loxoplocus guelphicus Whiteaves 1906 [synonym], Loxoplocus hespelerensis Whiteaves 1884 [synonym], Loxoplocus infidelis Perner 1903 [synonym], Loxoplocus luomianensis Xi and Yu 1990 [synonym], Loxoplocus rarissimus Perner 1903 [synonym], Loxoplocus vostokovae Kurushin 1986 [synonym], Loxoplocus xanthippe Billings 1865 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragoniteo

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

100 to < 1000g

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Adult height:

10 to < 100g

Environment:

coastal, marineo

Locomotion:

slow-movingo

Life habit:

epifaunalo

Diet:

detritivoreo

Vision:

limitedo

Created:

2009-06-06 07:51:08

Modified:

2009-06-06 09:51:08

Source: g = genus, o = order

References: Bambach et al. 2007, Hendy 2009

Age range: base of the Rhuddanian to the top of the Ludfordian or 443.10000 to 422.70000 Ma

Collections (24 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Rhuddanian - Aeronian	443.1 - 438.6	Russian Federation (Siberia)	Loxoplocus vostokovae (206465 206484 206542 206543 206560)
Alexandrian	443.1 - 438.1	USA (Ohio)	Lophospira ehlersi (155417)
Telychian	438.6 - 432.9	China (Guizhou)	Lophospira luomianensis (56658)
Sheinwoodian	432.9 - 430.6	Sweden (Gotland)	Lophospira bicincta (13597) Pleurotomaria bicincta (3973 3975 13547 154965 155697 155698)
Wenlock - Ludlow	432.9 - 422.7	USA (Wisconsin)	Loxoplocus gothlandicus (24944)
Homerian	430.6 - 426.7	USA (New York)	Lophospira bispiralis (154368)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	Czechia	Worthenia rarissima (155561)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	Canada (Ontario)	Lophospira guelphica (155012)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	Sweden (Gotland)	Pleurotomaria bicincta (13603)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	Czechia (Bohemia)	Worthenia infidelis (106307)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	Ukraine (Podolia)	Pleurotomaria bicincta (155618)
Ludlow	426.7 - 422.7	Canada (Ontario)	Murchisonia hespelerensis (155723) Murchisonia xanthippe (154346)
Ludfordian	425.0 - 422.7	Czechia (Bohemia)	Worthenia infidelis (104939)