Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Unionoidea

Bivalvia - Unionida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1828Unionacea Fleming
1965Unionacea Newell p. 18
1980Unionacea Vokes p. 72
1990Unionacea Beu et al. p. 396
2006Unionoidea Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 230
2009Unionoidea Nevesskaja
2010Unionoidea Bouchet et al.
2011Unionoidea Carter et al. p. 12

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
RankNameAuthor
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
—UniomorphiGray 1854
—UnioniGray 1854
—UnionataGray 1854
orderUnionida(Stoliczka 1871)
suborderUnionidinaGray 1854
superfamilyUnionoidea(Fleming 1828)
superfamilyUnionoidea(Fleming 1828)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Unionoidea Fleming 1828
show all | hide all
Fm. †Actinodontophoridae Newell 1969
+
G. †Actinodontophora Ichikawa 1951
+
Invalid names: Actinodontophora qinglongensis Xu and Lan 1980 [nomen nudum]
G. †Linshuiella Ma 1999
+
G. †Pseudoactinodontophora Murata 1971
+
G. †Zhongbanaia Ma 1999
+
Fm. Margaritiferidae Haas 1940
+
Subfm. Cumberlandiinae Heard and Guckert 1970
+
G. Cumberlandia Ortmann 1912
G. †Dianoconcha Guo 1988
+
†Dianoconcha alata Guo 1988
G. †Margaritifera Schumacher 1815
+
Subg. †Margaritifera (Margaritifera) Schumacher 1815
+
†Margaritifera (Margaritifera) rhazensis Mongin and Lapparent 1968
Subg. †Margaritifera (Pseudunio) Haas 1910
+
†Margaritifera (Pseudunio) saharica Mongin and Lapparent 1968
†Margaritifera flabellata Goldfuss 1837
G. †Mengyinaia Chen 1984
+
†Mengyinaia mengyinensis Grabau 1923
G. †Pseudomargaritifera Ma 1996
+
G. †Solenoides Ma 1996
+
Invalid names: Margaritanidae Ortmann 1910 [synonym], Promargaritiferidae Woodward 1994 [synonym]
Fm. †Mutelidae Swainson 1840
+
G. Leila Gray 1840
G. Mutela Scopoli 1777
+
Mutela nilotica Crosse 1881
Fm. †Pachycardiidae Cox 1961
+
G. †Cardinioides Kobayashi and Ichikawa 1952
+
†Cardinioides fidus Kurushin 1990
†Cardinioides japonicus Kobayashi and Ichikawa 1952
†Cardinioides josephus Newton et al. 1987
†Cardinioides lanesae Damborenea and Lanés 2007
†Cardinioides magnus Kobayashi and Hayami 1963
†Cardinioides ovatus Hayami 1957
†Cardinioides tolli Kurushin 1990
†Cardinioides varidus Hayami 1957
†Cardinioides voronetsae Kurushin 1992
G. †Guangdongella Li and Li 1980
+
†Guangdongella exquisita Li and Li 1977
G. †Pachycardia Hauer 1857
+
†Pachycardia alunulata Kittl 1903
†Pachycardia dubiosa De Toni 1913
†Pachycardia haueri Wöhrmann and Koken 1892
†Pachycardia plieningeri Broili 1904
†Pachycardia rugosa Hauer 1857
†Pachycardia zittelii Klipstein 1890
+
Invalid names: Cardita rugosa Klipstein 1843 [replaced]
G. †Weixiella Guo and Chen 1985
+
†Weixiella diana Guo and Chen 1985
†Weixiella lutensis Hautmann 2001
G. †Weiyuanella Xu 1984
+
G. †Yunnanophorus Chen 1976
+
†Yunnanophorus boulei Patte 1922
G. †Zhifangia Liu 1980
+
†Zhifangia typica Liu 1980
Fm. †Sancticarolitidae Simone and Mezzalira 1997
+
G. †Sancticarolis Mezzalira 1974
Fm. Unionidae Rafinesque 1820 [freshwater mussel]
+
G. †Acuneopsis Liu and Zhu 1978
+
†Acuneopsis luochengensis Liu and Zhu 1978
Subfm. †Alasmidontinae Frierson 1927
+
G. Alasmidonta Say 1818 [elktoe]
Subfm. Ambleminae Rafinesque 1820
+
G. Amblema Rafinesque 1820
Tr. Lampsilini Ihering 1901
+
G. Lampsilis Rafinesque 1820
Invalid names: Dromini Starobogatov 1970 [synonym], Glebulini Starobogatov 1970 [synonym], Pileini Starobogatov 1970 [synonym]
Tr. Oxynaiini Starobogatov 1970
+
G. Oxynaia Haas 1913
Tr. Pleurobemini Hannibal 1912
+
G. Pleurobema Rafinesque 1819
+
Invalid names: Elliptionini Modell 1942 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amblemini Rafinesque 1820 [empty], Cyprogeniinae Starobogatov 1970 [synonym], Friersoniinae Starobogatov 1970 [synonym], Medionidinae Starobogatov 1970 [synonym], Megalonaiadinae Heard and Guckert 1970 [synonym], Popenaiadinae Heard and Guckert 1970 [synonym], Propterinae Hannibal 1912 [synonym], Ptychobranchinae Starobogatov 1970 [synonym], Quadrulini Ihering 1901 [empty]
G. †Anodonta
+
†Anodonta arnoldi Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922
Anodonta cygnea Linnaeus 1767
†Anodonta johnseni Russell 1935
†Anodonta kettlemanensis Arnold 1909
†Anodonta lignitica Cooper 1894
†Anodonta nitida Nomland 1917
†Anodonta truncilla Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
G. Coelatura Conrad 1853
+
†Coelatura acuminata Adams 1866
†Coelatura bakeri Adams 1866
Subfm. Coelaturinae Modell 1942
+
Invalid names: Brazzaeainae Leloup 1950 [synonym], Dentaspathariinae Modell 1964 [synonym], Mweruellinae Pain and Woodward 1968 [synonym], Prisodontopsinae Pain and Woodward 1968 [synonym], Pseudospathinae Leloup 1950 [synonym]
G. †Comptio Liu and Luo 1978
+
†Comptio weiyuanensis Liu and Luo 1978
G. Cuneopsis Simpson 1900
+
†Cuneopsis giganteus Mongin 1963
G. †Danlengiconcha Liu 1978
+
G. Elongaria Haas 1913
+
G. †Eocuneopsis Guo 1985
+
G. †Eolamprotula Gu 1962
+
Subfm. Gonideinae Ortmann 1916
+
G. Gonidea Conrad 1857
+
†Gonidea coalingensis Arnold 1909
Tr. Leguminaiini Starobogatov 1970
+
G. Leguminaia Conrad 1865
Tr. Physunionini Starobogatov 1970
+
G. Physunio Simpson 1900
Invalid names: Hyriopsinae Modell 1942 [synonym], Lamprotulinae Modell 1942 [synonym], Limnoscaphinae Lindholm 1932 [synonym], Pseudodontinae Frierson 1927 [synonym], Psilunioninae Starobogatov 1970 [synonym]
G. †Jishuiconcha Ding et al. 1982
+
†Jishuiconcha circularis Ding et al. 1982
G. Lamprotula Simpson 1900
+
Subg. †Lamprotula (Sinolamprotula) Gu and Huang 1976
+
Invalid names: Lamprotula (Richthofenia) Modell 1964 [replaced]
G. †Liopotomida Ma 1999
+
G. †Liovetulonaia Ma 1999
+
G. †Luochengella Liu and Zhu 1978
+
†Luochengella luochengensis Liu and Zhu 1978
Subfm. Modellnaiinae Brandt 1974
+
G. Modellnaia Brandt 1974
G. †Ningxiaconcha Ma 1991
+
†Ningxiaconcha obrutschewi Martinson 1956
G. †Paranodonta Kobayashi and Suzuki 1936
Subfm. Parreysiinae Henderson 1935
+
G. Parreysia Conrad 1853
Invalid names: Arcidopsinae Starobogatov 1970 [synonym], Hemisolasminae Starobogatov 1970 [synonym], Lamellidentinae Modell 1942 [synonym]
G. †Periodunio Guo 1988
+
G. †Plicatounio Kobayashi and Suzuki 1936
+
Subg. †Plicatounio (Acclinoplicatounio) Ma and Huang 1979
+
+
Invalid names: Plicatounio (Guangxiconcha) Yao and Yu 1986 [replaced]
Subg. †Plicatounio (Tamuraia) Guo 1987
+
†Plicatounio naktongensis Kobayashi and Suzuki 1936
G. Potomida Swainson 1840
+
†Potomida seljani Brusina 1902
Invalid names: Wenziella Modell 1958 [synonym]
G. Proparreysia Pilsbry 1921
G. †Pseudelliptio Zhu 1976
+
G. †Psilounio Guo 1985
+
Subg. †Psilounio (Dagaurostoma) Guo 1985
+
Subg. †Psilounio (Phortunio) Guo 1985
+
†Psilounio (Phortunio) impensus Huang and Chen 1980
Subg. †Psilounio (Psilounio) Guo 1985
†Psilounio sinensis Gu 1976
G. †Qianweiella Liu and Luo 1981
+
†Qianweiella latiovalis Liu and Luo 1978
G. †Qiyangia Chen and Xu 1980
+
†Qiyangia loxos Chen and Xu 1980
G. Quadrula Rafinesque 1820
G. †Radioplicata Huang 1981
+
Subfm. Rectidentinae Modell 1942
+
G. Contradens Haas 1913
G. Rectidens Simpson 1900
Invalid names: Contradentinae Modell 1942 [synonym], Nannonaiinae Modell 1942 [synonym]
G. †Rhabdotophorus Russell 1935
+
†Rhabdotophorus gracilis Russell 1935
G. †Shifangella Liu and Luo 1981
+
†Shifangella margaritiferiformis Liu and Luo 1981
G. †Shistodesmus Simpson 1900
G. Solenaia Conrad 1869
G. †Tuberonaia Gu and Huang 1976
+
†Tuberonaia tuberosus Odhner 1930
G. †Undulatula Gu 1976
+
G. †Unionelloides Gu 1962
+
Subfm. Unioninae Fleming 1828
+
Tr. Anodontini Rafinesque 1820
+
G. †Sichuanoconcha Liu 1984
+
G. †Xishanoconcha Wang 1984
+
Invalid names: Brachyanodontini Bogatov et al. 2002 [synonym], Pseudanodontinae Stadnichenko 1984 [synonym]
G. Cucumerunio Iredale 1934
G. †Lithodomina Waagen 1881
+
†Lithodomina abbreviata Waagen 1881
†Lithodomina bakhensis Reed 1944
†Lithodomina typa Waagen 1881
G. Unio Philipsson 1788
+
Subg. †Unio (Palaeunio) Ma 1999
+
†Unio bitumen Cooke 1919
†Unio carteri Hislop 1859
†Unio deserticus Mongin and Lapparent 1968
†Unio franconica Dehm 1935
†Unio galloprovincialis Matheron 1842
†Unio hamili McLearn 1929
†Unio hubbardii Gabb 1869
†Unio hunteri Hislop 1859
†Unio imbricatus Hislop 1859
†Unio johnstoni Smith 1893
†Unio kirchbergensis Krauss 1852
Unio littoralis Lamarck 1801
†Unio mamillatus Hislop 1859
†Unio natosini McLearn 1929
†Unio patapscoensis Clark 1911
†Unio penultimus Gabb 1864
†Unio peregrinus Phillips 1829
Unio pictorum Linnaeus 1767
†Unio rackianus Brusina 1874
†Unio regularis Frič 1869
†Unio scrobicularioides Frič 1869
†Unio sparsa Martin 1933
†Unio stricklandii Phillips 1871
Unio tumidus Retzius 1788
Unio vetustus Meek 1860
Invalid names: Margaritana Schumacher 1817 [synonym]
Invalid names: Acuticostinae Starobogatov 1967 [synonym], Cafferiinae Modell 1942 [synonym], Heudeaninae Modell 1942 [synonym], Nodulariinae Starobogatov and Zatravkin 1987 [synonym], Strophitinae Starobogatov 1970 [synonym], Unionini Rafinesque 1820 [empty]
G. †Wulongiconcha Liu 1984
+
G. †Yunnanoconcha Gu and Ma 1976
+
†Yunnanoconcha chuxiongensis Gu and Ma 1976
Invalid names: Qiyangiinae Chen 1983 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Environment: freshwatero
Locomotion: facultatively mobilec
Life habit: infaunalc
Diet: suspension feederc
Vision: blindc
Created: 2017-04-17 10:29:05
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:29:05
Source: o = order, c = class
References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Famennian to the top of the Holocene or 364.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 360.7 Ma

Collections (443 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Ireland Anodonta jukesii (32230)
Artinskian290.1 - 279.3Japan (Iwate) Pseudoactinodontophora yabei (182561)
Roadian272.3 - 268.8Japan Actinodontophora katsurensis (114538)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Pakistan Lithodomina typa (125843)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51Tunisia (Madanin) Cardinioides sp. (42097)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Pakistan Lithodomina abbreviata (126279 126280 127025) Lithodomina bakhensis (126281 126993)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17China (Guizhou) Actinodontophora qinglongensis (112102)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17Japan Actinodontophora katsurensis (114489 114491)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17Nepal Lithodomina sp. (43146)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17Pakistan Lithodomina abbreviata (126882) Lithodomina sp. (126933) Lithodomina typa, Lithodomina abbreviata (89061)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Russian Federation Cardinioides tolli (97051) Cardinioides voronetsae (97052)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Zambia (Eastern) Unio karrooensis (99437)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Pachycardia dianensis (98484 98485)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Tanzania (Ruvuma) Unio sp. (105297) Unionidae indet. (94651)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Bosnia and Herzegovina Pachycardia alunulata (99768)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Canada (Nova Scotia) Unionidae indet. (227834)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0China (Shaanxi) Zhifangia typica (201021)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Russian Federation Cardinioides fidus (124665 124666 124667 124670 124671 124675)
Pelsonian - Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Australia (New South Wales) Unio sp. (111729)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0Italy (Udine) Pachycardia dubiosa (201597)