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Taxonomy
Ziphiinae was named by Gray (1850) [Gray (1850) originally named the subtribe Ziphiina. Gray (1964) named the subfamily Ziphiinae.]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Hypognathodontidae by Brandt (1874), Brandt (1874); to Physeteridae by Flores (1895), Hay (1902), Trouessart (1904), Turner (1912), Zittel (1925), Weber (1928); to Ziphiidae by Hay (1930), Bianucci and Landini (2007), Bianucci et al. (2007), Foekens (2008), Lambert et al. (2009), Bianucci et al. (2013), Marx et al. (2016), Lambert and Louwye (2016), Lambert et al. (2018); and to Vomeroziphii by Bianucci et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Hypognathodontidae by Brandt (1874), Brandt (1874); to Physeteridae by Flores (1895), Hay (1902), Trouessart (1904), Turner (1912), Zittel (1925), Weber (1928); to Ziphiidae by Hay (1930), Bianucci and Landini (2007), Bianucci et al. (2007), Foekens (2008), Lambert et al. (2009), Bianucci et al. (2013), Marx et al. (2016), Lambert and Louwye (2016), Lambert et al. (2018); and to Vomeroziphii by Bianucci et al. (2024).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1850 | Ziphiinae Gray p. 241 |
| 1874 | Ziphiinae Brandt p. II |
| 1874 | Ziphinae Brandt p. 46 |
| 1895 | Ziphiinae Flores p. 13 |
| 1902 | Ziphiinae Hay p. 596 |
| 1904 | Ziphiinae Trouessart p. 775 |
| 1912 | Ziphiinae Turner p. 76 |
| 1925 | Ziphiinae Zittel p. 86 |
| 1928 | Ziphiinae Weber p. 389 |
| 1930 | Ziphiinae Hay p. 582 |
| 2007 | Ziphiinae Bianucci et al. p. 570 |
| 2007 | Ziphiinae Bianucci and Landini p. 45 figs. Table 2.1 |
| 2008 | Ziphiinae Foekens p. 7 figs. Table 1 |
| 2009 | Ziphiinae Lambert et al. p. 919 figs. Fig. 10 |
| 2013 | Ziphiinae Bianucci et al. p. 110 |
| 2016 | Ziphiinae Lambert and Louwye figs. Figure 3 |
| 2016 | Ziphiinae Marx et al. p. 130 |
| 2018 | Ziphiinae Lambert et al. p. 149 |
| 2024 | Ziphiinae Bianucci et al. p. 32 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Ziphiinae Gray 1850 [beaked whale]
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G. †Cetorhynchus Gervais 1861
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†Cetorhynchus atavus Abel 1905
†Cetorhynchus christoli Gervais 1861
G. †Izikoziphius Bianucci et al. 2007
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†Izikoziphius angustus Bianucci et al. 2007
†Izikoziphius rossi Bianucci et al. 2007
G. Ziphius Cuvier 1824
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Subg. Ziphius (Mesodon) Brandt 1873
Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier 1824 [Cuvier's beaked whale]
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Invalid names: Delphinorhynchus australis Burmeister 1865 [synonym], Delphinus desmarestii Risso 1826 [synonym], Epiodon chathamensis Hector 1873 [synonym], Epiodon cryptodon Gray 1868 [synonym], Hyperoodon capensis Gray 1865 [synonym], Hyperoodon doumetii Gray 1846 [synonym], Hyperoodon gervaisii Duvernoy 1851 [synonym], Hyperoodon semijunctus Cope 1865 [synonym], Petrorhynchus mediterraneus Gray 1871 [synonym], Ziphiorrhynchus cryptodon Burmeister 1866 [synonym], Ziphius australis Trouessart 1904 [synonym], Ziphius grebnitzkii Stejneger 1883 [synonym], Ziphius indicus Van Beneden 1863 [synonym]
†Ziphius compressus Owen 1870
Invalid names: Aliama Gray 1864 [synonym], Diodon Lesson [synonym], Hypodon Haldemann 1841 [synonym], Petrorhynchus Gray 1865 [synonym], Ziphiorrhynchus Burmeister 1866 [synonym]
Invalid names: Berardini Muizon 1990 [empty]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| G. Bianucci et al. 2013 | With the exception of Izikoziphius and Ziphius, members of the subfamily Ziphiinae differ from all other Ziphiidae in the dorsal closure of the mesorostral groove by medial sutural contact of the premaxillae extending posteriorly until the bony nares. With the exception of Choneziphius and Imocetus n. gen., they further differ from all other Ziphiidae in having very elongated nasals with the anterior tip of nasals located anterior to the premaxillary crests (ratio between length of medial suture of nasals and maximum width of nasals > 1.1). ey further differ from all other Ziphiidae, with the exception of the clade formed by Africanacetus
Bianucci, Lambert & Post, 2007, Hyperoodon, Ihlengesi Bianucci, Lambert & Post, 2007, and Mesoplodon Gervais, 1850, in having the ascending process of the premaxilla concave in lateral view, with the posterodorsal portion partly overhanging the bony nares (apart from Choneziphius planirostris (Cuvier, 1823), with bony nares still visible in dorsal view). ey further differ from all other Ziphiidae, except Beneziphius, Messapicetus, and Ziphirostrum, in having the left premaxillary crest anterolaterally directed. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Uhen 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tortonian to the top of the Holocene or 11.63000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 7.246 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 7.246 Ma
Collections (27 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | France | Mesoplodon christolii (85152) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa | Izikoziphius angustus (77209) | |
| Middle Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Ziphius sp., Izikoziphius rossi (77208) | |
| Tortonian | Belgium (Antwerpen) | Cetorhynchus atavus (66960) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa | Ziphius sp. (77210) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Portugal | Diodon stenodus, Diodon sp. (56459) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Holocene | French Southern Territories | Izikoziphius rossi (192399) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Ziphius cavirostris (52582) | |
| Zanclean | South Africa | Izikoziphius sp. (100313) | |
| Pliocene | Belgium (Antwerpen) | Ziphius sp. (67029) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Spain (Teruel) | Ziphius cavirostris (54185) | |
| Gelasian | United Kingdom (England) | Ziphius compressus (48093) | |
| Pleistocene | France (Bouches-du-Rhone) | Ziphius cavirostris (86921) | |
| Holocene | South Africa | Ziphius cavirostris (79916) | |
| Holocene | Portugal | Ziphius cavirostris (168351) | |
| Holocene | Mexico (Baja California) | Ziphius cavirostris (201786) | |
| Holocene | Mozambique | Ziphius cavirostris (168356) | |
| Holocene | Italy | Ziphius cavirostris (168355) | |
| Holocene | Mexico | Ziphius cavirostris (168360) | |
| Holocene | Peru | Ziphius cavirostris (168361) | |
| Holocene | Angola | Ziphius cavirostris (168352) | |
| Holocene | Japan | Ziphius cavirostris (168359) | |
| Holocene | New Zealand | Ziphius cavirostris (168358) | |
| Holocene | India | Ziphius cavirostris (168357) | |
| Holocene | Brazil | Ziphius cavirostris (168353) | |
| Holocene | USA (North Carolina) | Ziphius cavirostris (65172) | |
| Holocene | USA (Florida) | Ziphius cavirostris (168354) |