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Lagenorhynchus australis
Taxonomy
Phocoena australis was named by Peale (1848). It is extant. Its type specimen is none designated.
It was synonymized subjectively with Lagenorhynchus cruciger by Hershkovitz (1966); it was recombined as Sagmatias australis by LeDuc et al. (1999), Perrin et al. (2013), Vollmer et al. (2019); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Lissodelphinae by Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); it was recombined as Lagenorhynchus australis by Kellogg (1941), Rice (1998), Mead and Brownell (2005), Jefferson (2021).
It was synonymized subjectively with Lagenorhynchus cruciger by Hershkovitz (1966); it was recombined as Sagmatias australis by LeDuc et al. (1999), Perrin et al. (2013), Vollmer et al. (2019); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Lissodelphinae by Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); it was recombined as Lagenorhynchus australis by Kellogg (1941), Rice (1998), Mead and Brownell (2005), Jefferson (2021).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1848 | Phocoena australis Peale p. 33 |
| 1866 | Sagmatias amblodon Cope |
| 1900 | Tursio chiloensis Philippi |
| 1904 | Lissodelphis chiloensis Trouessart p. 766 |
| 1941 | Lagenorhynchus australis Kellogg p. 296 figs. Plate 8, Fig. 1 |
| 1998 | Lagenorhynchus australis Rice p. 115 |
| 1999 | Sagmatias australis LeDuc et al. p. 639 figs. Figure 2 |
| 2005 | Lagenorhynchus australis Mead and Brownell p. 729 |
| 2013 | Sagmatias australis Perrin et al. p. 571 figs. Table 1 |
| 2019 | Sagmatias amblodon Vollmer et al. |
| 2019 | Sagmatias australis Vollmer et al. |
| 2021 | Lagenorhynchus australis Jefferson p. 49 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Lagenorhynchus australis Peale 1848
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Invalid names: Sagmatias amblodon Cope 1866 [synonym], Tursio chiloensis Philippi 1900 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| N. L. Vollmer et al. 2019 (Sagmatias amblodon) | There is no overlap in geographical distribution of Sagmatias with either Lagenorhynchus or Leucopleurus. Furthermore, all Sagmatias species can be distinguished from Lagenorhynchus and Leucopleurus based on cranial characteristics including tooth count, lachrymal length, preorbital width, condylobasal length, length of external nares, brain- case length, and vertebral count (Miyazaki and Shikano 1997b).
Molecular data from both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers support the differentiation of Sagmatias from Leucopleurus and Lagenorhynchus, as well as from Lissodelphis and Cephalorhynchus species (Fig. 2, 3). In these phylogenies, a close sister-species relationship is often recovered between S. australis and S. cruciger and between S. obliquidens and S. obscurus (Fig. 2, 3; LeDuc et al. 1999, Pichler et al. 2001, Harlin-Cognato and Honey- cutt 2006, May-Collado and Agnarsson 2006, Agnarsson and May-Collado 2008, Slater et al. 2010, McGowen 2011, Banguera-Hinestroza et al. 2014a). | |
| N. L. Vollmer et al. 2019 | Among the four Sagmatias species, there are components of external pigmentation shared only among S. australis, S. obscurus, and S. obliquidens. Among these three similarly colored species there are three main pigmentation areas that differentiate S. australis from the others: (1) approximately posterior to the position of the eyes, S. australis has black lower lips, chin and throat coloration; (2) the flank patch is simple without the whitish dorsal and ventral flank blazes that are found on S. obscurus; and (3) there is an extension of white pigmentation in the abdominal field entering into the axilla (“armpit” region) of the flippers. Furthermore, there is no overlap in geographical distribution between S. australis and S. obliquidens. Additional features of S. australis colora- tion are given under Coloration.
In general, the skull morphology of all four species of Sagmatias is similar, except S. australis is unique in that the posterior end of the pre- maxillaries are developed into a flat and broad eminence and elevated posterior to the premaxillary foramina and to the anterior external bony nares (Kellogg 1941). This character is not found in any other species in the family Delphinidae. Both S. australis and S. cruciger can be distin- guished from other Sagmatias species by having a smaller rostral length, longer braincase, and higher ramus (Miyazaki and Shikano 1997b). Fur- thermore, S. australis is differentiated from S. cruciger by having a smal- ler vertebral count, smaller external nares width, larger braincase, and narrower rostrum base width and external nares width (Miyazaki and Shikano 1997b). Molecular data from both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers support the differentiation of S. australis from other species of Sagma- tias, as well as from Leucopleurus, Lagenorhynchus, Lissodelphis, and Cephalorhynchus species (Fig. 2, 3). In these phylogenies, a close sister- species relationship is often recovered between S. australis and S. cruciger; however, the relationship between S. australis and S. obliquidens/ S. obscurus is more uncertain and many of these studies have included little to no data from some of these species (Table 2; LeDuc et al. 1999, Harlin-Cognato and Honeycutt 2006, Agnarsson and May-Collado 2008, McGowen 2011, Banguera-Hinestroza et al. 2014a). Therefore, additional analyses may lead to further genus-level taxonomic revision for S. australis. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Uhen 2004, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range: Holocene or 0.01170 to 0.00000 Ma
Collections (3 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Holocene | Argentina | Lagenorhynchus australis (168126) | |
| Holocene | Chile | Lagenorhynchus australis (168127) | |
| Holocene | Antarctica | Lagenorhynchus australis (168128) |