PBDB Taxon

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Centrosaurus apertus

Reptilia - Ceratopsidae

Taxonomy

Centrosaurus apertus was named by Lambe (1905). Its type specimen is NMC 971, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Berry Creek south, GSC (NMC), which is in a Campanian terrestrial horizon in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Canada.

It was synonymized subjectively with Monoclonius dawsoni by Brown (1914); it was recombined as Monoclonius apertus by Kuhn (1964).

Synonyms

Monoclonius cutleri was named by Brown (1917). Its type specimen is AMNH 5427, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is north fork, Sand Creek (50 ft level) [AMNH], which is in a Campanian terrestrial horizon in the Oldman Formation of Canada.

It was recombined as Centrosaurus cutleri by Russell (1930) and Lull (1933); it was considered a nomen dubium by Dodson (1990); it was synonymized subjectively with Centrosaurus apertus by Dodson and Currie (1990), Dodson et al. (2004), Ryan and Evans (2005) and Currie (2005).
Monoclonius dawsoni was named by Lambe (1902). Its type specimen is NMC 1173, a partial skull (scapula), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Berry Creek south, GSC (NMC), which is in a Campanian terrestrial horizon in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Canada.

It was recombined as Brachyceratops dawsoni by Lambe (1915), Parks (1925), Russell (1930) and Russell (1964); it was recombined as Centrosaurus dawsoni by Sternberg (1940); it was synonymized subjectively with Centrosaurus apertus by Dodson and Currie (1990), Dodson (1990), Dodson et al. (2004), Ryan and Evans (2005), Ryan and Russell (2005) and Currie (2005).
Monoclonius flexus was named by Brown (1914). Its type specimen is AMNH 5239, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is RTMP Quarry 57, Berry Creek, which is in a Campanian channel sandstone in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Canada.

It was recombined as Centrosaurus flexus by Lull (1933), Sternberg (1940), Tyson (1981), Russell (1984) and Dodson and Currie (1988); it was synonymized subjectively with Centrosaurus apertus by Lambe (1915), Lambe (1915), Parks (1921), Dodson and Currie (1990), Dodson (1990), Dodson et al. (2004), Ryan and Evans (2005) and Ryan and Russell (2005).
Centrosaurus longirostris was named by Sternberg (1940). Its type specimen is NMC 8795, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is RTMP Quarry 91, 1.5 miles south of Sand Creek (102 ft level), which is in a Campanian channel sandstone in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Canada.

It was recombined as Monoclonius longirostris by Kuhn (1964); it was synonymized subjectively with Centrosaurus apertus by Dodson and Currie (1990), Dodson (1990), Lehman (1998), Dodson et al. (2004), Ryan and Evans (2005) and Ryan and Russell (2005).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1902	Monoclonius dawsoni Lambe p. 57 figs. Pl. 16, 19, 20
1904	Centrosaurus apertus Lambe
1905	Centrosaurus apertus Lambe
1905	Monoclonius dawsoni Lambe p. 3
1905	Centrosaurus apertus Lambe p. 363
1907	Monoclonius dawsoni Hatcher et al. pp. 89–93, 167
1907	Centrosaurus apertus Hatcher et al. pp. 168, 168
1910	Centrosaurus apertus Lambe p. 149
1910	Monoclonius dawsoni Lambe p. 149
1911	Centrosaurus apertus Lull p. 339
1914	Monoclonius dawsoni Brown p. 378
1914	Monoclonius flexus Brown p. 551
1914	Centrosaurus apertus Lambe p. 151
1915	Brachyceratops dawsoni Lambe pp. 6-7
1915	Centrosaurus apertus Lambe p. 21
1915	Brachyceratops dawson Lambe p. 117
1915	Centrosaurus apertus Lambe p. 117
1916	Centrosaurus apertus Lambe p. 195
1917	Monoclonius flexus Brown p. 285
1917	Monoclonius cutleri Brown pp. 301-302
1921	Centrosaurus apertus Parks p. 53
1924	Centrosaurus apertus Abel p. 712
1924	Centrosaurus apertus Parks p. 382
1925	Brachyceratops dawsoni Parks p. 5
1925	Centrosaurus apertus Parks p. 5
1925	Monoclonius cutleri Parks p. 5
1925	Monoclonius flexus Parks p. 5
1927	Centrosaurus apertus Huene p. 261
1927	Monoclonius cutleri Huene p. 261
1927	Monoclonius dawsoni Huene p. 261
1927	Monoclonius flexus Huene p. 261
1930	Monoclonius cutleri Hay p. 222
1930	Monoclonius dawsoni Hay p. 222
1930	Monoclonius flexus Hay p. 222
1930	Centrosaurus apertus Hay p. 224
1930	Brachyceratops dawsoni Russell p. 149
1930	Centrosaurus apertus Russell p. 149
1930	Centrosaurus cutleri Russell p. 149
1930	Monoclonius cutleri Russell p. 149
1933	Monoclonius dawsoni Lull p. 83
1933	Centrosaurus apertus Lull p. 85
1933	Centrosaurus flexus Lull p. 86
1933	Centrosaurus cutleri Lull pp. 87-88
1935	Centrosaurus apertus Parks p. 194
1937	Monoclonius cutleri Brown and Schlaikjer
1940	Centrosaurus apertus Sternberg p. 468
1940	Centrosaurus dawsoni Sternberg p. 468
1940	Centrosaurus flexus Sternberg p. 470
1940	Centrosaurus longirostris Sternberg p. 473
1946	Monoclonius flexus Gray p. 796
1949	Monoclonius flexus Lull and Gray p. 495
1963	Monoclonius flexus Anonymous p. 356
1964	Monoclonius apertus Kuhn p. 57
1964	Monoclonius cutleri Kuhn p. 57
1964	Monoclonius dawsoni Kuhn p. 57
1964	Monoclonius inflexus Kuhn p. 57
1964	Monoclonius longirostris Kuhn p. 58
1964	Brachyceratops dawsoni Russell p. 13
1964	Centrosaurus apertus Russell p. 13
1964	Centrosaurus longirostris Russell p. 13
1964	Monoclonius cutleri Russell p. 13
1964	Monoclonius flexus Tatarinov p. 585
1966	Centrosaurus apertus Russell p. 17
1966	Centrosaurus longirostris Russell p. 23
1975	Centrosaurus longirostris Langston p. 1585
1980	Centrosaurus apertus Drake p. 197
1981	Centrosaurus apertus McIntosh p. 41
1981	Centrosaurus flexus Tyson p. 1244
1984	Centrosaurus flexus Russell p. 33
1984	Centrosaurus longirostris Russell p. 33
1988	Centrosaurus flexus Dodson and Currie p. 927
1990	Centrosaurus apertus Dodson pp. 234-239
1990	Centrosaurus apertus Dodson and Currie p. 611
1996	Centrosaurus apertus Lehman p. 506
1997	Centrosaurus apertus Vickaryous and Ryan p. 492
2001	Centrosaurus apertus Eberth et al. p. 59
2001	Centrosaurus apertus Makovicky p. 254 fig. 18.3
2003	Centrosaurus apertus Ryan and Russell p. 91A
2004	Centrosaurus apertus Chinnery p. 584
2004	Centrosaurus apertus Dodson et al. p. 495
2005	Centrosaurus apertus Currie p. 4
2005	Centrosaurus apertus Ryan and Evans p. 327
2005	Centrosaurus apertus Ryan and Russell pp. 1370-1371
2007	Centrosaurus apertus Ryan et al. p. 949
2008	Centrosaurus apertus Currie et al. p. 93
2008	Centrosaurus apertus Longrich p. 994
2009	Centrosaurus apertus Hieronymus et al. p. 1372 fig. 1
2010	Centrosaurus apertus Longrich p. 682
2010	Centrosaurus apertus McDonald and Horner p. 159
2010	Centrosaurus apertus Ryan et al. p. 186
2011	Centrosaurus apertus Eberth and Evans p. 20
2011	Centrosaurus apertus Farke p. 7
2011	Centrosaurus apertus Farke et al. p. 693
2011	Centrosaurus apertus Maidment and Barrett p. 43
2011	Centrosaurus apertus McDonald p. 1
2012	Centrosaurus apertus Ryan et al. p. 79
2013	Centrosaurus apertus Tykoski and Fiorillo p. 487
2014	Centrosaurus apertus Evans et al. p. 206
2015	Centrosaurus apertus Chiba et al. p. 655
2015	Centrosaurus apertus Eberth p. 662
2015	Centrosaurus apertus Tan et al. p. 256
2016	Centrosaurus apertus Mallon et al. p. 5

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Ornithischia	()
—	Genasauria
—	Cerapoda
—	Marginocephalia
—	Ceratopsia	()
family	Ceratopsidae
subfamily	Centrosaurinae
—	Centrosaurini
genus	Centrosaurus
species	apertus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Centrosaurus apertus Lambe 1905

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Invalid names: Centrosaurus longirostris Sternberg 1940 [synonym], Monoclonius cutleri Brown 1917 [synonym], Monoclonius dawsoni Lambe 1902 [synonym], Monoclonius flexus Brown 1914 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
B. Brown 1917 (Monoclonius cutleri)	Femur nearly half as long again as tibia; ischium very long and straight with distal end decurved; sternal plates elongate.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

gregariouso

Environment:

terrestrialsubo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingsubo

Diet:

herbivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2005-08-25 05:46:58

Modified:

2005-08-25 07:46:58

Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order

References: Norman and Weishampel 1991, Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Campanian or 83.50000 to 72.10000 Ma

Collections (38 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Canada (Alberta)	Monoclonius cutleri (13340)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Centrosaurus apertus (11894 22659 58945 59016 59018 59046 64427 65827 65895 65901 65903 65908 65925 65926 65928 65931 65932 221937) Centrosaurus sp. (22657 58910 58952 59109 59110 65904 65906) Ceratops sp. (58950 59025 59039) Ceratopsidae indet. (65924 65927) Monoclonius dawsoni, Monoclonius dawsoni (type locality: 74657) Monoclonius flexus (58962 191270) Monoclonius sp. (55352 75476) Styracosaurus albertensis (65929)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Monoclonius sp. (59118)