PBDB Taxon

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Edmontosaurus annectens

Reptilia - Hadrosauridae

Taxonomy

Claosaurus annectens was named by Marsh (1892). Its type specimen is USNM 2414, a skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Schneider Creek, which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Lance Formation of Wyoming.

It was synonymized subjectively with Thespesius occidentalis by Lucas (1900), Hay (1902), Gilmore (1915) and Hay (1930); it was recombined as Trachodon annectens by Hatcher (1902), Lucas (1904), Osborn (1911), Brown (1913), Brown (1913), Lambe (1913), Brown (1914), Brown (1914), Lambe (1914), Versluys (1923), Lull (1924), Huene (1927), Drevermann (1928) and Moodie (1930); it was recombined as Thespesius annectens by Gilmore (1924), Moodie (1926) and Gilmore (1933); it was recombined as Anatosaurus annectens by Lull and Wright (1942), Gregory (1948), Vialli (1960), Tatarinov (1964), Kuhn (1964), Russell (1964), Ostrom (1965) and Swinton (1970); it was recombined as Edmontosaurus annectens by Lambe (1917), Weishampel and Horner (1990), Hunt and Lucas (1992), Horner (1992), Derstler (1994), Turner (1997), Currie and Padian (1997), Eberth (1997), Godefroit et al. (1998), Carpenter (2000), Horner et al. (2004), Godefroit et al. (2004), Canudo et al. (2005), Lund and Gates (2006), Prieto-Márquez et al. (2006), Manning et al. (2008), Evans et al. (2009), Prieto-Márquez (2010), Prieto-Márquez and Norell (2010), Prieto-Márquez (2010), McDonald et al. (2010), Prieto-Marquez and Salinas (2010), Prieto-Marquez (2010), Prieto-Márquez and Wagner (2010), Campione and Evans (2011), Prieto-Márquez (2011), Brown and Druckenmiller (2011), Saveliev et al. (2012), Bell (2012), Prieto-Márquez (2012), Godefroit et al. (2012), Ramírez-Velasco et al. (2012), Zheng et al. (2013), Prieto-Marquez (2013), Farke et al. (2013), Vajda et al. (2013), Murphy et al. (2013), Xing et al. (2014), Currie and Koppelhus (2014), Prieto-Márquez (2014), Bolotsky et al. (2014), Ramírez-Velasco et al. (2014), Bell (2014), Prieto-Márquez and Wagner (2014), Campione (2014), Bell et al. (2014), Gates et al. (2014), Bell et al. (2014), Evans et al. (2015), Prieto-Márquez et al. (2016), Lehman et al. (2016), Prieto-Márquez and Gutarra (2016), Mori et al. (2016), Ullmann et al. (2017), Bertozzo et al. (2017), Cruzado-Caballero and Powell (2017), Fondevilla et al. (2018), Ullmann et al. (2019), Takasaki et al. (2019), Drysdale et al. (2019), Farke and Yip (2019), Snyder et al. (2020), Siviero et al. (2020), Ullmann et al. (2020) and Dalla Vecchia (2020).

Synonyms

Trachodon longiceps was named by Marsh (1890). Its type specimen is YPM 616 and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Hatcher Springs, Johnson Brothers' ranch, which is in a Maastrichtian fluvial-lacustrine sandstone/shale in the Lance Formation of Wyoming.

It was recombined as Hadrosaurus longiceps by Nopcsa (1900) and Nopcsa (1901); it was recombined as Anatosaurus longiceps by Lull and Wright (1942), Kuhn (1964) and Ostrom (1965); it was recombined as Anatotitan longiceps by Olshevsky (1992); it was synonymized subjectively with Edmontosaurus annectens by Horner et al. (2004); it was considered a nomen dubium by Lund and Gates (2006).
Anatosaurus copei was named by Lull and Wright (1942). Its type specimen is AMNH 5730, a skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Moreau River (AMNH), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Hell Creek Formation of South Dakota.

It was recombined as Anatotitan copei by Brett-Surman (1990), Lund and Gates (2006), Kirkland et al. (2006), Godefroit et al. (2008) and Manning et al. (2008); it was synonymized subjectively with Edmontosaurus annectens by Horner et al. (2004), Prieto-Márquez (2010) and Bolotsky et al. (2014).
Thespesius edmontoni was named by Gilmore (1924). Its type specimen is NMC 8399, a skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Michichi Creek, GSC (NMC), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial claystone in Canada.

It was recombined as Anatosaurus edmontoni by Lull and Wright (1942), Kuhn (1964), Tatarinov (1964), Russell (1964), Russell (1966), Swinton (1970) and Drake (1980); it was recombined as Edmontosaurus edmontoni by Russell and Chamney (1967), Brett-Surman (1979) and Eberth (1997); it was synonymized subjectively with Edmontosaurus regalis by Hopson (1975); it was synonymized subjectively with Edmontosaurus annectens by Weishampel and Horner (1990) and Horner et al. (2004).
Thespesius saskatchewanensis was named by Sternberg (1926). Its type specimen is NMC 8509. Its type locality is Wood Mountain, Rocky Creek, which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial claystone/sandstone in the Frenchman Formation of Canada.

It was recombined as Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis by Sternberg (1926), Weishampel and Horner (1990), Hunt and Lucas (1992), Horner (1992), Hunt and Lucas (1993), Godefroit et al. (1998), Horner et al. (2004), Lund and Gates (2006), Brown and Druckenmiller (2011) and Cruzado-Caballero and Powell (2017); it was recombined as Anatosaurus saskatchewanensis by Lull and Wright (1942), Langston (1960), Kuhn (1964), Russell (1964) and Russell (1966); it was synonymized subjectively with Edmontosaurus annectens by Prieto-Márquez (2010), Campione and Evans (2011) and Takasaki et al. (2019).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1890	Trachodon longiceps Marsh
1892	Claosaurus annectens Marsh p. 435
1893	Claosaurus annectens Hatcher p. 143
1893	Claosaurus annectens Winkler p. 113
1896	Claosaurus annectens Marsh figs. Pl. 72-74
1897	Claosaurus annectens Marsh p. 516
1898	Claosaurus annectens Williston p. 70
1898	Claosaurus annectens Woodward p. 209
1899	Claosaurus annectens Lambe p. 188
1900	Claosaurus annectens Nopcsa p. 557
1900	Hadrosaurus longiceps Nopcsa p. 557
1901	Claosaurus annectens Nopcsa p. 211
1901	Hadrosaurus longiceps Nopcsa p. 212
1902	Claosaurus annectens Beecher p. 313
1902	Trachodon annectens Hatcher p. 385
1902	Trachodon longiceps Hay p. 504
1902	Cliosaurus annectens Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxxiv
1903	Claosaurus annectens Wieland p. 216
1904	Trachodon annectens Lucas p. 317
1910	Claosaurus annectens Brown p. 270
1910	Claosaurus annectens Versluys p. 222
1911	Trachodon annectens Osborn p. 7
1912	Claosaurus annectens Brown p. 105
1913	Trachodon annectens Brown p. 387
1913	Trachodon annectens Lambe p. 25
1914	Trachodon annectens Brown p. 374
1914	Trachodon annectens Lambe pp. 133-134
1917	Edmontosaurus annectens Lambe
1918	Claosaurus annectens Lambe p. 139
1923	Trachodon annectens Versluys p. 1
1924	Thespesius annectens Gilmore p. 14
1924	Thespesius edmontoni Gilmore pp. 14-15 figs. Pl. 2-5
1924	Trachodon annectens Lull p. 270
1926	Thespesius annectens Moodie p. 74
1926	Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Sternberg
1926	Thespesius saskatchewanensis Sternberg p. 75 figs. 1-3, pl. 15-17
1927	Trachodon annectens Huene p. 260
1927	Trachodon longiceps Huene p. 260
1927	Thespesius edmontoni Huene p. 261
1927	Thespesius saskatchewanensis Huene p. 261
1928	Trachodon annectens Drevermann p. 202–203
1930	Trachodon longiceps Hay p. 211
1930	Thespesius edmontoni Hay p. 212
1930	Thespesius saskatchewanensis Hay p. 213
1930	Trachodon annectens Moodie p. 65
1930	Thespesius edmontoni Riabinin p. 14
1930	Thespesius edmontoni Russell p. 151
1930	Thespesius saskatchewanensis Russell p. 153
1931	Claosaurus annectens Johnson p. 374
1933	Thespesius annectens Gilmore p. 48
1933	Thespesius saskatchewanensis Gilmore p. 62
1933	Thespesius edmontoni Russell p. 129
1936	Thespesius saskatchewanensis Swinton p. 575
1942	Anatosaurus annectens Lull and Wright pp. 154-156
1942	Anatosaurus copei Lull and Wright p. 157
1942	Anatosaurus saskatchewanensis Lull and Wright pp. 159-161 fig. 56
1942	Anatosaurus edmontoni Lull and Wright pp. 161-162 fig. 57
1942	Anatosaurus longiceps Lull and Wright pp. 163-164
1948	Anatosaurus annectens Gregory p. 30
1960	Anatosaurus saskatchewanensis Langston p. 347
1960	Anatosaurus annectens Vialli p. 176
1964	Anatosaurus annectens Kuhn p. 14
1964	Anatosaurus copei Kuhn p. 14
1964	Anatosaurus edmontoni Kuhn p. 14
1964	Anatosaurus saskatchewanensis Kuhn p. 14
1964	Anatosaurus longiceps Kuhn p. 15
1964	Anatosaurus edmontoni Russell p. 15
1964	Anatosaurus annectens Russell p. 17
1964	Anatosaurus saskatchewanensis Russell p. 18
1964	Anatosaurus copei Tatarinov p. 562 fig. 609
1964	Anatosaurus edmontoni Tatarinov p. 562 fig. 609
1964	Anatosaurus annectens Tatarinov p. 564
1965	Anatosaurus annectens Ostrom p. 39
1965	Anatosaurus longiceps Ostrom p. 39
1966	Anatosaurus edmontoni Russell p. 16
1966	Anatosaurus saskatchewanensis Russell p. 23
1967	Edmontosaurus edmontoni Russell and Chamney p. 11
1970	Anatosaurus annectens Swinton p. 216
1970	Anatosaurus copei Swinton p. 221
1970	Anatosaurus edmontoni Swinton p. 221
1976	Anatosaurus copei Sloan p. 145
1979	Anatosaurus copei Brett-Surman p. 561 fig. 1
1979	Edmontosaurus edmontoni Brett-Surman p. 561 fig. 1
1980	Anatosaurus edmontoni Drake p. 196
1983	Anatosaurus copei Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1990	Anatotitan copei Brett-Surman p. 177
1990	Edmontosaurus annectens Weishampel and Horner p. 557
1990	Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Weishampel and Horner p. 557
1992	Edmontosaurus annectens Horner p. 119
1992	Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Horner p. 119
1992	Edmontosaurus annectens Hunt and Lucas p. 228
1992	Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Hunt and Lucas p. 228
1992	Anatotitan longiceps Olshevsky p. 230
1993	Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Hunt and Lucas p. 80
1994	Edmontosaurus annectens Derstler p. 133
1997	Edmontosaurus annectens Currie and Padian p. 369
1997	Edmontosaurus annectens Eberth p. 201
1997	Edmontosaurus edmontoni Eberth p. 201
1997	Edmontosaurus annectens Turner p. 788
1997	Anatosaurus annectus Vickaryous and Ryan p. 490
1998	Edmontosaurus annectens Godefroit et al. p. 26
1998	Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Godefroit et al. p. 26
2000	Edmontosaurus annectens Carpenter p. 139
2004	Edmontosaurus annectens Godefroit et al. p. 147
2004	Edmontosaurus annectens Horner et al. p. 440
2004	Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Horner et al. p. 440
2005	Edmontosaurus annectens Canudo et al. p. 12
2006	Anatotitan copei Kirkland et al. p. 311 fig. 13
2006	Anatotitan copei Lund and Gates p. 270
2006	Edmontosaurus annectens Lund and Gates p. 271
2006	Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Lund and Gates p. 271
2006	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Márquez et al. p. 937
2008	Anatotitan copei Godefroit et al. p. 63
2008	Anatotitan copei Manning et al. p. 647
2008	Edmontosaurus annectens Manning et al. p. 647
2009	Edmontosaurus annectens Evans et al. p. 1316
2010	Edmontosaurus annectens McDonald et al. p. 33 fig. 39
2010	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Marquez p. 845
2010	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Marquez and Salinas p. 833
2010	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Márquez p. 3
2010	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Márquez and Norell p. 23
2010	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Márquez and Wagner p. 1243 fig. 3
2011	Edmontosaurus annectens Brown and Druckenmiller p. 1350
2011	Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Brown and Druckenmiller p. 1350
2011	Edmontosaurus annectens Campione and Evans p. 9
2011	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Márquez p. 63
2012	Edmontosaurus annectens Bell p. 9
2012	Edmontosaurus annectens Godefroit et al. p. 18 fig. 19
2012	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Márquez p. 524
2012	Edmontosaurus annectens Ramírez-Velasco et al. p. 392
2012	Edmontosaurus annectens Saveliev et al. p. 80
2013	Edmontosaurus annectens Farke et al. p. 51
2013	Edmontosaurus annectens Murphy et al. p. 282
2013	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Marquez
2013	Edmontosaurus annectens Vajda et al. p. 114
2013	Edmontosaurus annectens Zheng et al.
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Bell p. 575
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Bell et al. p. 70
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Bell et al. p. 178
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Bolotsky et al. p. 320
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Campione p. 208
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Currie and Koppelhus p. 1034
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Gates et al. p. 160
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Márquez p. 284
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Márquez and Wagner p. 591
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Ramírez-Velasco et al. p. 349
2014	Edmontosaurus annectens Xing et al. p. 1814
2015	Edmontosaurus annectens Evans et al. p. 653
2016	Edmontosaurus annectens Lehman et al. p. 343
2016	Edmontosaurus annectens Mori et al. p. 17
2016	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Márquez et al. p. 10
2016	Edmontosaurus annectens Prieto-Márquez and Gutarra p. 144
2017	Edmontosaurus annectens Bertozzo et al. p. 14
2017	Edmontosaurus annectens Cruzado-Caballero and Powell p. 12 fig. 13
2017	Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Cruzado-Caballero and Powell p. 12 fig. 13
2017	Edmontosaurus annectens Ullmann et al. p. 779
2018	Edmontosaurus annectens Fondevilla et al. p. 18
2019	Edmontosaurus annectens Drysdale et al. p. 18
2019	Edmontosaurus annectens Farke and Yip p. 59
2019	Edmontosaurus annectens Takasaki et al. p. 2
2019	Edmontosaurus annectens Ullmann et al. p. 2
2020	Edmontosaurus annectens Dalla Vecchia p. 611
2020	Edmontosaurus annectens Siviero et al. p. 202
2020	Edmontosaurus annectens Snyder et al. p. 2
2020	Edmontosaurus annectens Ullmann et al. p. 224

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Ornithischia	()
—	Genasauria
—	Cerapoda
—	Ornithopoda	()
—	Clypeodonta
—	Iguanodontia	()
—	Dryomorpha
—	Styracosterna
—	Hadrosauriformes
—	Hadrosauroidea	()
family	Hadrosauridae
subfamily	Hadrosaurinae	Lambe 1918
tribe	Edmontosaurini	Glut 1997
genus	Edmontosaurus
species	annectens	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Edmontosaurus annectens Marsh 1892

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Invalid names: Anatosaurus copei Lull and Wright 1942 [synonym], Edmontosaurus edmontoni Gilmore 1924 [synonym], Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Sternberg 1926 [synonym], Trachodon longiceps Marsh 1890 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
N. E. Campione and D. C. Evans 2011	Hadrosaurine hadrosaurid, which at large size (skull length .1 m) is differentiated from Edmontosaurus regalis by the following characteristics: presence of a very long prenarial region of skull; weakly excavated caudodorsal corner of narial vestibule; weakly developed postorbital fossa that results in a strait dorsal process of jugal.
A. Prieto-Márquez 2014	E. annectens shows a longer prenarial region of the skull and a postorbital fossa and caudodorsal region of the nasal vestibule that are both less deeply excavated than in the other species, E. regalis.
H. Xing et al. 2014	Hadrosaurine dinosaur of the genus Edmontosaurus with the following unique combination of features: elongate prenarial region of the snout that is approximately 30% as long as the skull; two premaxillary foramina present in the prenarial region of the circumnarial fossa; deep fossa along the right-angled lateral half of the posteroventral side of the prefrontal; postorbital strongly expanded laterally; mediolaterally narrow, steeply inclined anteroventrally and laterally base of the postorbital sutural surface of the jugal; and shortened dorsolateral process of the laterosphenoid, whose length is about 50% of the width of the paired sphenooccipital tubercles. This taxon differs from Edmontosaurus regalis in bearing an anteroposteriorly elongate and dorsoventrally flattened cranium, a relatively deflated oral margin of the premaxilla posterodorsally reflected and lip-shaped, a regularly subrectangular anterior end of the nasal with no apparent ventral expansion, elongate frontal processes of the nasals inserted between the frontals with a proportionally shorter external interfrontal suture, and an anteroposteriorly broad, moderately bulgy laterally jugal process of the postorbital that results in a weakly developed postorbital pocket (partially modified from Campione and Evans, 2011).

Measurements

part	N	mean
radius circumference	1	120.0
ulna circumference	1	170.0

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

gregariouso

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

herbivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2005-08-25 05:54:20

Modified:

2005-08-25 07:54:20

Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order

References: Peczkis 1995, Benton 1983, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Campanian to the top of the Lancian or 83.60000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (29 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Canada (Alberta)	Thespesius edmontoni (46320)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	Edmontosaurus sp. (84455)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	Anatosaurus annectens (48836 55385) Trachodon sp. (74009)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Trachodon marginatus (45676)
Lancian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	Hadrosauridae indet. (14616)
Lancian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	Edmontosaurus annectens (14621)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	Anatosaurus copei (14674) Edmontosaurus annectens (202036 224286 225035)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Edmontosaurus annectens (229474) Thespesius sp. (45675)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	Diclonius mirabilis (24790) Edmontosaurus annectens (224483 224484) Edmontosaurus sp. (47034)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	Anatosaurus annectens (45878 54176 150933) Claosaurus annectens (46209 type locality: 49238) Edmontosaurus annectens (26760) Hadrosauridae indet. (128559) Trachodon annectens (54178) Trachodon longiceps (46120) Trachodon sp. (57764) Trachodontidae indet. (46128)