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Tornieria africana

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Gigantosaurus africanus was named by Fraas (1908). Its type specimen is SMNS 12141a, 12145a, 12143, 12140, 12142, a set of postcrania, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Tendaguru quarry A, which is in a Tithonian channel lag siltstone in the Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania.

It was recombined as Barosaurus africanus by Janensch (1927), Janensch (1929), Jain et al. (1962), Charig (1967), Steel (1970), Ingavat and Taquet (1978), Jain et al. (1979), Taquet (1984), McIntosh (1990), Upchurch (1995), Chinsamy (1997) and Dumont et al. (2011); it was recombined as Tornieria africanus by Mateus (2006); it was recombined as Tornieria africana by Sternfeld (1911), Swinton (1934), Stromer (1936), Swinton (1970), Upchurch et al. (2004), Remes (2006), Harris (2006), Moser et al. (2006), Royo-Torres et al. (2007), Remes (2007), Remes (2007), Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. (2008), Remes (2009), Whitlock (2011), Rauhut (2011), Ibiricu et al. (2012), Le Loeuff et al. (2012), Knoll et al. (2012), Tschopp and Mateus (2013), Tschopp et al. (2015), Salgado et al. (2015) and Ren et al. (2021).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1908Gigantosaurus africanus Fraas p. lxxxvi
1911Gigantosaurus africanus Fraas p. 40
1911Tornieria africana Sternfeld p. 398
1912Gigantosaurus africanus Fraas p. 3
1914Gigantosaurus africanus Hennig p. 418
1914Gigantosaurus africanus Janensch p. 82
1915Gigantosaurus africanus Lull pp. 328-329
1927Barosaurus africanus Janensch p. 35
1928Gigantosaurus africanus Parkinson p. 283
1929Barosaurus africanus Janensch
1934Tornieria africana Swinton pp. 35, 39
1936Tornieria africana Stromer p. 81
1962Barosaurus africanus Jain et al. p. 756
1963Gigantosaurus africanus Furon p. 322
1967Barosaurus africanus Charig p. 713
1970Barosaurus africanus Steel p. 80
1970Tornieria africana Swinton p. 184
1978Barosaurus africanus Ingavat and Taquet pp. SP1-2
1979Barosaurus africanus Jain et al. p. 206
1984Barosaurus africanus Taquet p. 78
1990Barosaurus africanus McIntosh p. 390
1995Barosaurus africanus Upchurch p. 382
1997Barosaurus africanus Chinsamy p. 677
2003Gigantosaurus africanus Maier p. 14
2004Tornieria africana Upchurch et al. p. 265
2005Gigantosaurus africanus McIntosh p. 67
2006Tornieria africana Harris p. 1117
2006Tornieria africanus Mateus p. 231
2006Tornieria africana Moser et al. p. 46
2006Tornieria africana Remes p. 652
2007Tornieria africanus Mezga et al. p. 197
2007Tornieria africana Remes pp. 57-58
2007Tornieria africana Royo-Torres et al. p. 186
2008Tornieria africana Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. p. 191
2009Tornieria africana Remes p. 26
2011Barosaurus africanus Dumont et al. p. 109
2011Tornieria africana Rauhut p. 197
2011Tornieria africana Whitlock p. 333
2012Tornieria africana Ibiricu et al. p. 227
2012Tornieria africana Knoll et al. p. 2
2012Tornieria africana Le Loeuff et al. p. 487
2013Tornieria africana Tschopp and Mateus p. 876
2015Tornieria africana Salgado et al. p. 422
2015Tornieria africana Tschopp et al.
2021Tornieria africana Ren et al. p. 1877

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
RankNameAuthor
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Saurischia()
—Sauropoda()
—Gravisauria
—Eusauropoda
—Neosauropoda
—Diplodocoidea()
—Diplodocimorpha
—Flagellicaudata
—Diplodocidae()
—Diplodocinae(Janensch 1929)
genusTornieria
speciesafricana()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Tornieria africana Fraas 1908
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. Fraas 1908mit hohem Bau der Hinterextremität, ganz ähnlich Diplodocus. [with high construction of the hind limb, much like Diplodocus.]
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteinfrao
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100infrao
Adult width: 10 to < 100infrao
Adult height: 10 to < 100infrao
Thickness: thickinfrao
Architecture: compact or denseinfrao
Form: sphericalinfrao
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partsinfrao
Grouping: gregariousinfrao
Environment: terrestrialinfrao
Locomotion: actively mobileinfrao
Life habit: ground dwellinginfrao
Diet: herbivoreinfrao
Reproduction: oviparousinfrao
Dispersal: direct/internalinfrao
Dispersal 2: mobileinfrao
Created: 2005-08-25 06:12:06
Modified: 2005-08-25 08:12:06
Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Tithonian to the top of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian or 152.10000 to 150.80000 Ma

Collections (6 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Tanzania (Lindi) Barosaurus africanus (47151)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Tanzania (Lindi) Barosaurus africanus (47140 47160 48350 48385) Gigantosaurus africanus (type locality: 47181)