PBDB Taxon

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Prototherium veronense

Osteichthyes - Sirenia - Dugongidae

Taxonomy

Halitherium veronense was named by de Zigno (1875). Its type specimen is MGP 25837 & 26300, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Monte Duello, which is in a Bartonian marine limestone in the Orizzonte di Roncà Formation of Italy.

It was recombined as Halitherium (Prototherium) veronense by de Zigno (1887); it was recombined as Prorastoma veronense by Lydekker (1892); it was recombined as Prorastomus veronensis by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904); it was recombined as Protosiren veronense by Kaltenmark (1942); it was recombined as Prototherium veronense by Sickenberg (1934), Piccoli (1966), Bizzarini et al. (1977), Kordos (1980), Domning (1994), Domning (1996), Voss (2014).

Synonyms

Paraliosiren suessi was named by Abel (1906). Its type specimen is PIUW 1870.II.216 and 219, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Prototherium, Paraliosiren.

It was synonymized subjectively with Prototherium veronense by Domning (1996).
Halitherium angustifrons was named by de Zigno (1875). Its type specimen is MGP 12 and 17, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Monte Duello, which is in a Bartonian marine limestone in the Orizzonte di Roncà Formation of Italy.

It was synonymized subjectively with Prototherium veronense by Domning (1996).
Halitherium curvidens was named by de Zigno (1875). Its type specimen is MGP 11, a mandible, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Monte Duello, which is in a Bartonian marine limestone in the Orizzonte di Roncà Formation of Italy.

It was synonymized subjectively with Prototherium veronense by Domning (1996).
Protosiren dolloi was named by Abel (1904). Its type specimen is PIUW unnumbered specimen, a maxilla, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Mesosiren dolloi by Abel (1906) and Abel (1906); it was synonymized subjectively with Prototherium veronense by Domning (1996).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1875	Halitherium angustifrons de Zigno p. 441
1875	Halitherium curvidens de Zigno p. 443
1875	Halitherium veronense de Zigno p. 445
1885	Halitherium angustifrons Woodward p. 425
1885	Halitherium curvidens Woodward p. 425
1885	Halitherium veronense Woodward p. 425
1887	Halitherium (Prototherium) veronense de Zigno p. 731
1892	Prorastoma veronense Lydekker
1898	Prorastomus veronensis Trouessart p. 999
1904	Halitherium veronense Abel p. 214
1904	Protosiren dolloi Abel p. 214
1904	Prorastomus veronensis Trouessart p. 999
1906	Mesosiren dolloi Abel p. 52
1906	Paraliosiren suessi Abel p. 59
1925	Halitherium veronense Zittel p. 265
1934	Prototherium veronense Sickenberg p. 151
1942	Protosiren veronense Kaltenmark p. 108
1966	Prototherium veronense Piccoli
1977	Prototherium veronense Bizzarini et al.
1980	Prototherium veronense Kordos p. 395
1994	Prototherium veronense Domning p. 189
1996	Prototherium veronense Domning p. 388
2014	Prototherium veronense Voss p. 91 figs. Figure 3

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
superorder	Afrotheria
—	Paenungulatomorpha
superorder	Paenungulata
—	Tethytheria
order	Sirenia	()
family	Dugongidae
subfamily	Halitheriinae	()
genus	Prototherium	()
species	veronense	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Prototherium veronense de Zigno 1875

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Invalid names: Halitherium angustifrons de Zigno 1875 [synonym], Halitherium curvidens de Zigno 1875 [synonym], Paraliosiren suessi Abel 1906 [synonym], Protosiren dolloi Abel 1904 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinef

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

aquaticf

Diet:

herbivoref

Reproduction:

viviparousf

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-06-08 12:11:09

Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Domning 1979, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Oligocene or 41.03000 to 23.04000 Ma

Collections (4 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Italy (Verona)	Halitherium veronense, Paraliosiren suessi, Halitherium angustifrons, Halitherium curvidens (type locality: 48159)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Italy	Prototherium veronense (84655)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Italy	Prototherium veronense (65035)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	Italy	Prorastoma veronense (65165)