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Philoxene laevis

Gastropoda - Euomphalina - Euomphalidae

Taxonomy
Euomphalus laevis was named by d’Archiac and de Verneuil (1842). It is not a trace fossil. It is the type species of Philoxene.

It was recombined as Straparollus laevis by Linsley and Yochelson (1973), Blodgett and Johnson (1992), Frýda (1998), Bandel and Frýda (1998), Heidelberger (2001) and Heidelberger (2003); it was recombined as Philoxene laevis by Kayser (1889), Whidborne (1892), Kirchner (1915), Paeckelmann (1922), Knight (1941), Kaufhold (1994) and Wagner (2023).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1841Straparollus serpens Phillips p. 94 figs. pl. 36 f. 172a-b; not pl. 36 f. 172c-g;
1842Euomphalus laevis d’Archiac and de Verneuil p. 363 figs. pl. 33 f. 8-8a
1855Euomphalus laevis Sandberger and Sandberger p. 213 figs. pl. 25 f. 6, 6a-b
1882Euomphalus laevis Holzapfel p. 251
1885Euomphalus laevis Maurer p. 234 figs. pl. 10 f. 4
1889Philoxene laevis Kayser p. 292 figs. pl. 13 f. 5
1892Philoxene laevis Whidborne p. 239 figs. pl. 23 f. 18-18a
1895Euomphalus laevis Holzapfel pp. 188 - 191
1896Euomphalus laevis Beyer p. 71 figs. pl. 2 f. 36
1915Philoxene laevis Kirchner pp. 214 - 215
1922Philoxene laevis Paeckelmann p. 35
1930Philoxene serpens Tolmachoff p. 52 figs. pl. 3 f. 21
1941Philoxene laevis Knight p. 241 figs. pl. 73 f. 2a-b
1973Straparollus laevis Linsley and Yochelson p. 8 figs. pl. 3 f. 1-3
1992Straparollus laevis Blodgett and Johnson p. 98
1994Philoxene laevis Kaufhold p. 41 figs. pl. 5 f. 5-7
1998Straparollus laevis Bandel and Frýda p. 111 figs. pl. 4 f. 37-43
1998Straparollus laevis Frýda p. 131 figs. pl. 22 f. 1-7
2001Straparollus laevis Heidelberger pp. 168 - 170 figs. pl. 16 f. 14-15
2002Straparollus (Straparollus) serpens Krawczyński p. 269 fig. 4E
2003Straparollus laevis Heidelberger pp. 4 - 5 figs. f. 6-7
2006Straparollus serpens Krawczyński
2023Philoxene laevis Wagner

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
RankNameAuthor
classGastropoda
subclassEogastropoda
orderEuomphalina
superfamilyEuomphaloidea()
familyEuomphalidae
genusPhiloxene
specieslaevis()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Philoxene laevis d’Archiac and de Verneuil 1842
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Invalid names: Philoxene serpens Phillips 1841 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragoniteg
Composition 2: "calcite"g
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100g
Adult width: 10 to < 100g
Adult height: 10 to < 100g
Locomotion: stationaryg
Life habit: epifaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2004-08-16 09:02:27
Modified: 2004-08-16 11:02:27
Source: g = genus, c = class
References: Wagner 2023, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Lochkovian to the top of the Late/Upper Frasnian or 419.20000 to 376.10000 Ma

Collections (27 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Lochkovian - Pragian419.2 - 407.6Russian Federation (Nenets) Philoxene serpens (81605)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Canada (Northwest Territories) Philoxene serpens (56276)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Germany Straparollus laevis (49784 60134)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Straparollus laevis (38362)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Straparollus laevis (38358 38360)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany (Hessen) Straparollus laevis (38353 38354 38355 38356 38361)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7United Kingdom (England) Philoxene laevis, Philoxene serpens (129878 130270)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship) Straparollus serpens (75504 75507)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Poland Straparollus laevis (73158 73159 75494)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5Poland Straparollus serpens (62178)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5Poland (Wojewodztwo Swietokrzyskie) Straparollus serpens (62174)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Germany Euomphalus laevis (37046)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship) Straparollus serpens (75501)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Poland Straparollus laevis (73160)
Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian380.2 - 382.4Germany Philoxene laevis (28047)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1Poland (Wojewodztwo Swietokrzyskie) Straparollus serpens (62176)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship) Straparollus serpens (75502)