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Gadidae
Taxonomy
Gadidae was named by Rafinesque (1810). It is extant.
It was assigned to Teleosti by Pauca (1931); to Teleostomi by Weiler (1938); to Anacanthini by Arambourg (1925), David (1943), Jordan (1963), Schwarzhans (1978); to Gadoidei by Constantin (1999), Betancur et al. (2013); and to Gadiformes by Danil'chenko (1960), Long and Stilwell (2000), Schwarzhans (2003), Fierstine et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Teleosti by Pauca (1931); to Teleostomi by Weiler (1938); to Anacanthini by Arambourg (1925), David (1943), Jordan (1963), Schwarzhans (1978); to Gadoidei by Constantin (1999), Betancur et al. (2013); and to Gadiformes by Danil'chenko (1960), Long and Stilwell (2000), Schwarzhans (2003), Fierstine et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016).
Subtaxa
Arnoldina, Arnoldites, Brosmius, Gadiculus, Gadidarum, Gadinae, Gadus, Gaidropsarus, Melanogrammus, Merlangiogadus, Merlangius, Microgadus, Micromesistius, Morrhua, Palaeomolva, Palimphemus (syn. Pseudocolliolus, Gadichthys, Doyenneichthys, Colliolus), Phycinae, Progadus, Protocolliolus, Ranicipinae, Theragra, Trisopterus, Urophycis
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1810 | Gadidae Rafinesque |
| 1925 | Gadidae Arambourg p. 94 |
| 1931 | Gadidae Pauca p. 639 |
| 1938 | Gadidae Weiler p. 26 |
| 1943 | Gadidae David p. 19 |
| 1960 | Gadidae Danil'chenko p. 55 |
| 1963 | Gadidae Jordan p. 663 |
| 1978 | Gadidae Schwarzhans p. 18 |
| 1999 | Gadidae Constantin |
| 2000 | Gadidae Long and Stilwell p. 351 |
| 2003 | Gadidae Schwarzhans p. 50 |
| 2012 | Gadidae Fierstine et al. p. 70 |
| 2013 | Gadidae Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Gadidae Nelson et al. p. 300 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Gadidae Rafinesque 1810
show all | hide all
G. †Arnoldites Jordan 1923
G. Gadiculus Guichenot 1850
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Subg. †Gadiculus (Archaeogadiculus) Schwarzhans 1978
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†Gadiculus (Archaeogadiculus) labiatus Schubert 1905
†Gadiculus (Gadiculus) argenteus communis Prochazka 1893
Subg. †Gadiculus (Microgadiculus) Schwarzhans 1978
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†Gadiculus (Microgadiculus) rumanus Weiler 1943
†Gadiculus adversus Schwarzhans 2019
†Gadiculus pereawa Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Gadidarum Koken 1885
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†Gadidarum amsianus Schwarzhans 2007
Gadidarum ensiformis Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Gadidarum insectus Weiler 1943
G. Gadus Linnaeus 1758 [cod]
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†Gadus benedeni Leriche 1926
†Gadus elegans Koken 1884
†Gadus elegans scuplta Koken 1891
†Gadus friedbergi Chaine and Duvergier 1928
†Gadus minisculoides Schubert 1912
†Gadus planatus Bassoli and Schubert 1906
†Gadus simplex Koken 1891
†Gadus spectabilis Koken 1891
†Gadus venustus Koken 1891
G. Gaidropsarus Rafinesque 1810
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†Gaidropsarus murdjadjensis Arambourg 1927
†Gaidropsarus pilleri Carnevale and Harhauzer 2013
G. Melanogrammus Gill 1862
G. †Merlangiogadus Gaemers 1973
G. Merlangius Geoffroy 1767
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†Merlangus cognatus Koken 1891
†Merlangus pseudaeglifinus Newton 1891
†Merlangus spatulus Koken 1891
†Merlangus spaulatus Koken 1942
†Merlangus spaulatus miocenicus Heinrich 1969
†Merlangus tenuis Heinrich 1969
Merlangus vulgaris Fleming 1828
†Merlangus vulgaris suffolkensis Koken 1891
G. Micromesistius Gill 1863
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†Micromesistius australis Hutton 1872
†Micromesistius boscheinei Schwarzhans 1978
Micromesistius poutassou Risso 1827 [blue whiting]
†Micromesistius schwarzhansi Holec 1975
G. Morrhua Oken 1817
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†Morrhua faba Koken 1884
†Morrhua latus Koken 1891
†Morrhua sollingenensis Koken 1891
G. †Palimphemus Kner 1862
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†Palimphemus anceps Kner 1862
†Palimphemus minusculoides Schubert 1912
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Invalid names: Micromesistius arcuatus Radwanska 1992 [synonym], Otolithus (Gadidarum) angustus Suzin 1968 [synonym], Otolithus (Gadidarum) minusculus Schubert 1906 [synonym]
†Palimphemus seymourensis Schwarzhans et al. 2017
Invalid names: Colliolus Gaemers and Schwarzhans 1973 [synonym], Doyenneichthys Gaemers 1983 [synonym], Gadichthys Gaemers and Schwarzhans 1973 [synonym], Gadus elegans sculptus Koken 1891 [synonym], Pseudocolliolus Gaemers 1978 [synonym]
G. †Protocolliolus Gaemers 1976
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†Protocolliolus amorphus Schwarzhans 2003
†Protocolliolus eocenicus Frost 1931
G. Urophycis Gill 1864
Invalid names: Phycinae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma
Collections (144 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danian | Greenland | Protocolliolus amorphus (22943) | |
| Selandian | Denmark | Protocolliolus amorphus (159792 159793 159795) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Microgadus subnotus (3262) | |
| Ypresian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Palimphemus seymourensis (176084) | |
| Ypresian | Belgium | Gadidae indet. (219001 219008) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Trisopterus dimidiatus (3257 3258) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Trisopterus dimidiatus (41888 41989 41992 41994 41996 41998) | |
| Lutetian | Germany (Lower Saxony,) | Gadidarum amsianus (188954) | |
| Bortonian | New Zealand (South Island) | Gaidropsarus sp. (219322) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Antarctica | Gadidae indet. (43030) | |
| Priabonian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Palimphemus eocenicus (219356) | |
| Rupelian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Gadidae indet. (68021) | |
| Rupelian | Belgium | Gaidropsarus stettiniensis, Semeniolum rupelense, Palaeoraniceps sp., Ensigadus ensiformis (188930) | |
| Rupelian | Germany | Trisopterus elegans, Colliolus parvus (95898) | |
| Oligocene | USA (California) | Progadus miocenicus (203247) | |
| Chattian | USA (California) | Gadidae indet. (11601) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | Merlangius pseudoaeglefinus, Trisopterus kasselensis, Trisopterus sp., Trisopterus sculptus, Colliolus sp., Gadichthys altus (32012) | |
| Waitakian | New Zealand (South Island) | Gadiculus adversus (219578 219582) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Indonesia (Maros) | Gadidae indet. (187654) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand (North Island) | Gadiculus adversus (219517 219520 219521 219522) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand | Gadiculus adversus (152323) | |
| Burdigalian | France | Gadiculus argenteus (219196 220042 220043) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand | Gadiculus argenteus, Gadus elegans (67900) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (South Island) | Gadiculus adversus (219597 219605 219608 219609) Gadiculus argenteus, Gadiculus adversus (219271 219341) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (North Shore) | Gadiculus adversus (219523) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (North Island) | Gadiculus adversus (219527) | |
| Langhian | Austria | Gaidropsarus pilleri, Palimphemus anceps (186861) | |
| Langhian | France | Gadiculus argenteus (219197) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (Lower Saxony) | Merlangiogadus cognatus, Colliolus friedbergi, Gadichthys venustus (161965) | |
| Lillburnian | New Zealand (North Island) | Gadiculus adversus (219547) | |
| Badenian | Czechia (Mikulov) | Gadiculus lahiams, Gaidropsarus vulgaris, Micromesistius arcualus, Trisopterus sculptus (161993) Gadiculus lahiams, Trisopterus sculptus (161994) Trisopterus sculptus (161995) | |
| Badenian | Belgium | Gadiculus sp., Merlangius sp., Colliolus sculptus (208831) | |
| Serravallian | Slovakia | Merlangius cognatus, Micromesistius schwarzhansi (89152) | |
| Serravallian | Romania | Gadidarum insectus (222591) Hymenocephalus labiatus, Macrurus rumanus, Gadus minisculoides (222592) | |
| Serravallian | Kazakhstan | Palimphemus minusculoides (174760 174955) | |
| Serravallian | Ukraine (Crimea) | Palaeomolva tarchanica (60254) | |
| Sarmatian | Russian Federation (Goryachii) | Micromesistius sp. (211239) | |
| Tortonian | Italy | Gadiculus argenteus, Micromesistius planatus (70491 78437 178120 187507) Micromesistius planatus (187504) | |
| Tortonian | Greece (Crete) | Gadidae indet. (207587) | |
| Tortonian | Denmark (Jutland) | Gadus luscus (34521) | |
| Tortonian | Belgium | Gadidae indet. (217346) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Germany | Merlangius cognatus, Merlangius tenuis, Gadidarum sp., Gadus venustus, Gadus friedbergi (223566) | |
| Tongaporutuan | New Zealand (North Island) | Gadiculus pereawa (219554) | |
| Messinian | Algeria | Gadiculus sp. (186585) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Gadiculus jonas, Brosmius murdjadjensis (59256) | |
| Messinian | Greece (Zakynthos) | Gadiculus argenteus (207583) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Tuscany) | Gadiculus jonas (186581 210628) | |
| Messinian - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Melanogrammus aeglefinus (189573) | |
| Opoitian | New Zealand | Micromesistius australis (219270) | |
| Zanclean | Italy | Gadiculus sp., Micromesistius poutassou (210256) Micromesistius boscheineni (223700) Micromesistius sp., Micromesistius poutassou (210257) | |
| Zanclean | Italy (Sicily) | Micromesistius boscheineni, Colliolus sp., Gadiculus communis (223703) Micromesistius boscheineni, Gadiculus communis (223702 223704) | |
| Zanclean | Italy (Provinz Siena) | Micromesistius boscheineni (138094) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Gadus morhua, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Microgadus tomcod, Urophycis tenuis, Merlangiogadus congatus (52582) | |
| Pliocene | USA (California) | Arnoldina iniistia (186030) Progadus pliocenicus (203246) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) | Gadiculus benedeni, Gadiculus verticalis, Trisopterus sculptus (59003) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Italy | Gadiculus sp., Micromesistius poutassou (145678) Micromesistius poutassou (145680) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Microgadus proximus (219849) | |
| Piacenzian | Italy | Gadiculus argenteus (210258) Gadiculus argenteus, Micromesistius poutassou (145683) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece (Crete) | Micromesistius sp. (207303) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Italy | Gadiculus sp., Micromesistius sp., Micromesistius poutassou (57058) | |
| Mangapanian - Nukumaruan | New Zealand | Micromesistius australis (219631) | |
| Gelasian | Italy (Bologna) | Gadiculus sp., Micromesistius poutassou (186574) | |
| Gelasian | Italy | Gadiculus argenteus, Micromesistius poutassou (159096) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Greenland | Gadus morhua (107728) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Melanogrammus aeglefinus (189574) | |
| Gelasian - Calabrian | Greece (Rhodes) | Gaidropsarus sp., Gadiculus argenteus, Micromesistius poutassou (207569 207571) | |
| Gelasian - Calabrian | Greece (Zakynthos) | Gadiculus argenteus (207576) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Italy | Gadiculus argenteus, Micromesistius poutassou (159455 159823) Gaidropsarus biscayensis, Gadiculus argenteus, Micromesistius poutassou (159378) | |
| Gelasian - Ionian | Greece (Kephallonia) | Gaidropsarus sp., Gadiculus argenteus (207577) | |
| Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Gadus morrhua (77749) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (California) | Microgadus sp. (65998) | |
| Nukumaruan | New Zealand (North Island) | Micromesistius australis (219638) | |
| Nukumaruan | New Zealand (South Island) | Gadiculus argenteus, Micromesistius australis (219643) | |
| Calabrian | Italy | Gadiculus argenteus, Micromesistius poutassou (159288) | |
| Calabrian | Greece (Rhodes) | Micromesistius poutassou (224514) | |
| Calabrian - Middle Pleistocene | Italy (Sardinia) | Gadidae indet. (51482) | |
| Ionian | Italy | Gadiculus argenteus (159361) | |
| Ionian | Greece (Rhodes) | Gadiculus argenteus (207570) Gadiculus thori, Gaidropsarus sp., Gadiculus argenteus, Micromesistius poutassou (207568) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Gadus marrhua (77754) Gadus morrhua (58419) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Microgadus proximus (222408 222409) Microgadus proximus, Theragra chalcogramma (222407) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Greenland | Gadus morhua (75197) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Norway (Sunnmore) | Gadus morhua (125317) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Norway | Gadus morhua (227461) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Gadus macrocephalus (75232) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain (Vizcaya) | Gadidae indet. (125319) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Microgadus proximus (190889) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Gadus sp. (57706 73485) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greenland | Gadus callarias (227031) Gadus ogac (75175) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | Gadus morhua (215694) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Louisiana) | Urophycis sp. (161932) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Newfoundland) | Gadus sp. (228844) | |
| Holocene | Greenland (Qeqertasussuk) | Gadus morhua (187755) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | Gadidae indet. (122099) | |
| Holocene | USA (Maine) | Morrhua americana (122450 176524) | |
| Holocene | USA (Massachusetts) | Morrhua americana (122440) | |
| Holocene | Estonia | Gadus morhua (195026) | |
| Holocene | Greenland | G. sp. (75206) Gadus ogac (227877) |