PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Dendroolithidae

Osteichthyes - Dendroolithidae

Taxonomy

Dendroolithidae was named by Zhao and Li (1988). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type is Dendroolithus.

It was assigned to Dinosauria by Zhao (1994), Mikhailov et al. (1994); to Therizinosauria by Mikhailov (1997); and to Therizinosauroidea by Mikhailov (2000).

Subtaxa

Placoolithus (syn. Paradendroolithus)

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1988	Dendroolithidae Zhao and Li p. 114
1994	Dendroolithidae Mikhailov et al. pp. 92-93
1994	Dendroolithidae Zhao p. 200
1997	Dendroolithidae Mikhailov p. 54
2000	Dendroolithidae Mikhailov p. 565

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptoriformes
—	Therizinosauria	Russell 1997
superfamily	Therizinosauroidea
family	Dendroolithidae
family	Dendroolithidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Dendroolithidae Zhao and Li 1988

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G. †Placoolithus Zhao 1979

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†Placoolithus taohensis Zhao and Zhao 1998

†Placoolithus tiantaiensis Jin 2008

†Placoolithus tumiaolingensis Zhou et al. 1998

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Invalid names: Dendroolithus hongzhaiziensis Zhou et al. 1998 [synonym], Paradendroolithus qinglongshanensis Zhou et al. 1998 [synonym]

Invalid names: Paradendroolithus Zhou and Ren [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
K. Mikhailov et al. 1994	Sauropoda or Ornithopoda
K. E. Mikhailov 1997	Dendrospherulitic morphotype (variable in details); complex prolatocanaliculate pore system, rough or irregularly ornamented eggshell surface. Medium to large (60-200 mm) eggs, irregularly arranged in nest in a single layer.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialsuperf

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingsuperf

Diet:

herbivoresuperf

Reproduction:

oviparoussuperf

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2005-09-11 17:03:44

Modified:

2005-09-11 19:03:44

Source: superf = superfamily, o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Kiessling 2004, Holtz et al. 2000

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Coniacian to the top of the Maastrichtian or 89.80000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (16 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	China (Hubei)	Dendroolithus hongzhaiziensis (275538) Dendroolithus tumiaolingensis (275536) Paradendroolithus qinglongshanensis (275537)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Late/Upper Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	China (Henan)	Placoolithus taohensis (275539)
Santonian - Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (206394)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omngov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (100261)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (130803) Dinosauria indet. (28243)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (55257 55258 108344 127674 127681 168988) Dendroolithus sp. (130800) Dinosauria indet. (168111)