PBDB Taxon

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Steno

Mammalia - Cetacea - Delphinidae

Taxonomy

Steno was named by Gray (1846) [Sepkoski's age data: T Plio-l R]. It is extant. Its type is Stenella attenuata. It was considered monophyletic by Weber (1928).

It was reranked as Delphinus (Steno) by Owen (1866).

It was assigned to Delphinina by Gray (1846); to Delphinina by Gray (1864); to Delphinus by Owen (1866); to Stenonina by Gray (1868), Gray (1871); to Delphini by Winge (1921); to Stenidae by Fraser and Purves (1960); to Delphininae by Gill (1871), Gill (1872), Brandt (1874), Weber (1928), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Kasuya (1973), de Muizon (1988), McKenna and Bell (1997); to Cetacea by Sepkoski (2002); to Steninae by Vidal (1991), Buchholtz and Schur (2004); to Stenoninae by LeDuc et al. (1999), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Perrin et al. (2013); to Delphinidae by Gray (1850), Gray (1863), Gray (1866), Gray (1870), Scott (1873), Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Turner (1912), Zittel (1925), Kellogg (1928), Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951), Sherman (1952), Hershkovitz (1966), Barnes (1977), Pilleri (1987), Carroll (1988), Rice (1998), Mead and Brownell (2005), Murakami et al. (2014); and to Globicephalinae by Bianucci et al. (2022).

Species

Delphinorhynchus santonicus, S. bredanensis (syn. Delphinus (Steno) perspicillatus, Sotalia santonicus, S. fuscus, S. perspicillatus, Delphinus planiceps, Delphinus chamissonis, Delphinus compressus, Delphinus reinwardtii, Delphinus perspicillatus, Delphinus oxyrhynchus)

Synonyms

Glyphidelphis was named by Gervais (1859). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steno by Trouessart (1898), Hershkovitz (1966), West et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Delphinidae by Palmer (1904).
Stenopontistes was named by Miranda-Ribeiro (1936). It is extant. Its type is Stenopontistes zambezicus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Sousa by Brownell (1975); it was synonymized subjectively with Steno by Hershkovitz (1966), Mead and Brownell (2005).
Delphinorhynchus santonicus was named by Lesson (1828). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Steno bredanensis by Hershkovitz (1966), West et al. (2011); it was considered a nomen dubium by Jefferson (2021).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1828	Delphinorhynchus santonicus Lesson
1846	Steno Gray p. 30
1850	Steno Gray p. 127
1859	Glyphidelphis Gervais p. 301
1863	Steno Gray p. 200
1864	Steno Gray p. 235
1866	Steno Gray p. 232
1866	Delphinus (Steno) Owen
1868	Steno Gray p. 4
1870	Steno Gray p. 772
1871	Steno Gill p. 125
1871	Steno Gray p. 65
1872	Steno Gill p. 95
1873	Steno Scott p. 68
1874	Steno Brandt p. II
1898	Steno Trouessart p. 1026
1904	Glyphidelphis Palmer p. 297
1904	Steno Trouessart p. 764
1912	Steno Turner p. 138
1921	Steno Winge p. 36
1925	Steno Zittel p. 87
1928	Steno Kellogg p. 33 figs. Table 1
1928	Steno Weber p. 389
1936	Stenopontistes Miranda-Ribeiro p. 19 figs. Plates 1-2
1945	Steno Simpson p. 103
1951	Steno Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott p. 734
1952	Steno Sherman p. 99
1960	Steno Fraser and Purves p. 112 figs. Figure 26
1963	Steno Scheffer and Rice p. 7
1966	Steno Hershkovitz p. 15
1973	Steno Kasuya p. 61
1977	Steno Barnes p. 323 figs. Table 1
1987	Steno Pilleri p. 53
1988	Steno Carroll
1988	Steno de Muizon p. 162
1991	Steno Vidal p. 5
1997	Steno McKenna and Bell p. 385
1998	Steno Rice p. 102
1999	Steno LeDuc et al. p. 639 figs. Figure 2
2001	Steno Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179
2002	Steno Sepkoski
2004	Steno Buchholtz and Schur p. 384 figs. Figure 1
2005	Steno Mead and Brownell p. 734
2013	Steno Perrin et al. p. 571
2014	Steno Murakami et al. p. 507 figs. Figure 10
2022	Steno Bianucci et al. p. 1848 figs. Figure 4

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes

Rank	Name	Author
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
—	Whippomorpha
order	Cetacea
—	Pelagiceti
—	Neoceti
suborder	Odontoceti
infraorder	Delphinida
superfamily	Delphinoidea
family	Delphinidae
genus	Steno

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Steno Gray 1846

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Steno bredanensis Lesson 1828 [rough-toothed dolphin]

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Invalid names: Delphinus (Steno) perspicillatus Peters 1877 [synonym], Delphinus chamissonis Wiegmann 1841 [synonym], Delphinus compressus Gray 1846 [synonym], Delphinus oxyrhynchus Gray 1850 [synonym], Delphinus perspicillatus Peters 1876 [synonym], Delphinus planiceps Van Breda 1829 [synonym], Delphinus reinwardtii Schlegel 1841 [synonym], Sotalia santonicus Lesson 1841 [synonym], Steno fuscus Gray 1846 [synonym], Steno perspicillatus True 1889 [synonym]

Invalid names: Delphinorhynchus santonicus Lesson 1828 [nomen dubium], Glyphidelphis Gervais 1859 [synonym], Stenopontistes Miranda-Ribeiro 1936 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatitesubo

Form:

roller-shapedo

Ontogeny:

modification of partso

Environment:

marine, freshwatersubo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

aquatico

Depth habitat:

surfaceo

Diet:

piscivoref

Diet 2:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparoussubo

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-06-08 12:11:09

Source: f = family, subo = suborder, o = order

References: Uhen 2004, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Zanclean to the top of the Holocene or 5.33300 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma

Collections (17 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Messinian - Piacenzian	7.246 - 2.58	Australia (South Australia)	S. sp. (50343)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Italy	S. sp. (84944)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Italy	Eudelphinus compressus (45593) S. sp. (49688)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Italy	S. sp. (47428 71086)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	France	S. bredanensis (167983)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	South Africa	S. bredanensis (167984 167990)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Japan	S. bredanensis (167988)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	French Polynesia	S. bredanensis (68030)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Brazil	S. bredanensis (167985)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Italy	S. bredanensis (167992)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	India	S. bredanensis (167991)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	USA (Florida)	S. bredanensis (167982)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Peru	S. bredanensis (167989)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	USA (California)	S. bredanensis (167987)