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Pharkidonotus percarinatus

Gastropoda - Bellerophontida - Bellerophontidae

Taxonomy
Bellerophon percarinatus was named by Conrad (1842). It is not a trace fossil. It is the type species of Pharkidonotus.

It was recombined as Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) percarinatus by Hoare (1961), Sturgeon (1964) and Yochelson and Saunders (1967); it was misspelled as Bellerophon pericarinatus by West (1970); it was recombined as Pharkidonotus percarinatus by Girty (1915), Morningstar (1922), Sturgeon (1937), Kues (1984), Kues (1985), Harper and Rollins (1985), Kues (1996), Kues and Batten (2001), Kues et al. (2002) and Wagner (2023).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1842Bellerophon percarinatus Conrad pp. 268 - 269 figs. pl. 16 f. 5
1858Bellerophon tricarinatus Shumard and Swallow p. 204
1912Bellerophon percarinatus Mark p. 298
1915Pharkidonotus percarinatus Girty pp. 165 - 169 figs. pl. 19 f. 4-9a-c
1922Pharkidonotus percarinatus Morningstar p. 248 figs. pl. 15 f. 6
1922Pharkidonotus percarinatus tricarinatus Morningstar pp. 248 - 249
1937Pharkidonotus percarinatus Sturgeon p. 357
1944Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) tricarinatus Knight and Bridge p. 170 figs. 21-23
1961Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) percarinatus Hoare pp. 140-141 figs. pl. 19 f. 16-17
1964Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) percarinatus Sturgeon pp. 198 - 199 figs. pl. 31 f. 4-5
1967Bellerophon (Pharkidonotus) percarinatus Yochelson and Saunders p. 48
1970Bellerophon pericarinatus West
1984Pharkidonotus percarinatus Kues p. 110 figs. f. 3.6-3.7
1985Pharkidonotus percarinatus Harper and Rollins p. 23 figs. f. 6A-B
1985Pharkidonotus percarinatus Kues p. 12 figs. f. 2A
1996Pharkidonotus percarinatus Kues p. 179 figs. f. 6.27
2001Pharkidonotus percarinatus Kues and Batten p. 13 figs. f. 3.13-3.22
2001Pharkidonotus tricarinatus Kues and Batten p. 13
2002Pharkidonotus percarinatus Kues et al. p. 125 figs. 3K-L
2023Pharkidonotus percarinatus Wagner p. 5116

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
orderBellerophontidaUlrich and Scofield 1897
suborderBellerophontina
superfamilyBellerophontoidea()
familyBellerophontidae
subfamilyBellerophontinae
genusPharkidonotus
speciespercarinatus()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Invalid names: Pharkidonotus tricarinatus Shumard and Swallow 1858 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
B. S. Kues et al. 2002The shell surface is characterized by a prominent, elevated, median ridge that bears a narrow selenizone on its crest, and by closely spaced, conspicuous collabral folds that form nodes where they meet the medial ridge and curve gently laterally across the shell surface to the umbilical region. Approximately eight folds are present on the body whorl of a typical specimen. Other than these folds, the shell surface is smooth and lacks ornamentation. The inductura is thickened and knob-like, and undulates where it covers collabral folds early on the body whorl. The lateral lips meet the sides of the body whorl with slight curvature, producing an anomphalous umbilical area.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragoniteo
Composition 2: low Mg calciteo
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Locomotion: slow-movingf
Life habit: low-level epifaunalf
Diet: detritivoref
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-06-11 14:40:27
Modified: 2009-10-11 13:36:14
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class
References: Hendy 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Desmoinesian to the top of the Virgilian or 312.80000 to 298.90000 Ma

Collections (73 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pennsylvanian323.2 - 298.9USA (Kentucky) Bellerophon percarinatus (210783)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0USA (Kentucky) Bellerophon percarinatus (195795)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0USA (Oklahoma) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (90784)
Kashirian - Myachkovian313.8 - 307.0USA (New Mexico) Bellerophon percarinatus (46548)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Missouri) Bellerophon percarinatus (70278 70381 70382)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Pennsylvania) Bellerophon percarinatus (184079 184098)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Kansas) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (931)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (New Mexico) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (46536)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Oklahoma) Bellerophon pericarinatus (8644) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (90782 90783)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Ohio) Bellerophon percarinatus (64888 64892 64895 64897 64901 64902 64907 64909 64913 64915 64918 64919 64921 64922 64926 64927 64929 64942 64950 64951)
Kasimovian307.0 - 303.7USA (Texas) Pharkidonotus percarinatus, Pharkidonotus tricarinatus (128580)
Kasimovian - Gzhelian307.0 - 298.9USA (Utah) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (39988 39989 39993 39994 39995)
Missourian306.0 - 303.7USA (Pennsylvania) Bellerophon percarinatus (184101 184103 184105)
Missourian306.0 - 303.7USA (New Mexico) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (50767)
Missourian306.0 - 303.7USA (Texas) Bellerophon percarinatus (159900) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (156737)
Missourian306.0 - 303.7USA (Ohio) Bellerophon percarinatus (174923) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (175100 175102 175103)
Missourian306.0 - 303.7USA (Maryland) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (118828)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (Illinois) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (50219)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (Maryland) Pharkidonotus percarinatus (118827)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (Texas) Bellerophon percarinatus (217894) Bellerophon percarinatus, Bellerophon tricarinatus (217913 217977) Bellerophon tricarinatus (217893 217897 217905 217906 217908 217915 217927 217932 217952 217958 217960 217992 218000 218002 218010)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (Ohio) Bellerophon percarinatus (71993)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (Nebraska) Bellerophon tricarinatus (157668)