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Spalacidae

Mammalia - Rodentia - Spalacidae

Taxonomy
Spalacidae was named by Gray (1821). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Muridae by McKenna and Bell (1997).

It was assigned to Rosores by Gray (1821); to Simplicidentata by Flower (1883), Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Myomorpha by Gadow (1898); to Spalacoidea by Wood (1958); and to Muroidea by Steppan et al. (2004), Wilson and Reeder (2005).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Spalacidae Gray p. 303
1883Spalacidae Flower p. 185
1891Spalacidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1898Spalacidae Gadow p. 43
1958Spalacidae Wood p. 172
2004Spalacidae Steppan et al. p. 547
2005Spalacidae Wilson and Reeder

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
—GliriformesWyss and Meng 1996
—Glires()
—Simplicidentata()
orderRodentiaBowdich 1821
infraorderMyodontaSchaub 1958
superfamilyMuroideaIlliger 1811
familySpalacidae
familySpalacidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Spalacidae Gray 1821
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G. †Heramys Klein Hofmeijer and de Bruijn 1985
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†Heramys eviensis Klein Hofmeijer and de Bruijn 1985
G. Nannospalax Palmer 1903
G. †Pannoniamys van de Weerd et al. 2022
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†Pannoniamys paragovensis van de Weerd et al. 2022
Subfm. Rhizomyinae Miller and Gidley 1918
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G. †Brachyrhizomys Teilhard de Jardin 1942
G. Cannomys Thomas 1915 [lesser bamboo rat]
+
Cannomys badius Hodgson 1841 [Lesser bamboo rat]
G. †Pararhizomys Teilhard de Jardin and Young 1931
G. †Prokanisamys de Bruijn et al. 1981
+
†Prokanisamys kowalskii Lindsay 1996
G. †Rhizomyoides Black 1972
G. Rhizomys Gray 1831 [greater bamboo rat]
+
†Rhizomys troglodytes Matthew and Granger 1923
+
G. Tachyoryctes Rüppell 1835
+
Tachyoryctes macrocephalus Rüppell 1842 [Ethiopian african mole rat]
Tachyoryctes splendens Rüppell 1835 [Northeast african mole rat]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 14:04:46
Modified: 2005-08-26 16:04:46
Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oligocene to the top of the Holocene or 27.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.04 Ma

Collections (81 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Serbia Pannoniamys paragovensis (206015)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene27.3 - 15.98Pakistan (Baluchistan) Prokanisamys kowalskii (179934) Prokanisamys sp., Prokanisamys kowalskii (179935)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Pakistan (Baluchistan) Prokanisamys kowalskii (179933)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Libya Prokanisamys sp. (77026 77028 77029)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Pakistan (Baluchistan) Prokanisamys arifi (180608) Rhizomyinae indet., Prokanisamys sp., Prokanisamys kowalskii (180602)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.04 - 11.63China (Jiangsu) Rhizomyidae indet. (13482)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Pakistan (Sindh) Prokanisamys arifi (176052 176055 176056) Prokanisamys arifi, Prokanisamys major (176051 176053 176054) Prokanisamys major (176046 176047 176048 176050) Prokanisamys major, Prokanisamys sp. (176045) Rhizomyidae indet., Prokanisamys arifi (176049) Rhizomyidae indet., Prokanisamys arifi, Prokanisamys sp. (176057)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Greece Heramys eviensis (68032)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98China (Jiangsu) Rhizomyidae indet. (42067 43400)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Serbia (Serbia) Heramys eviensis (39714 199780 199781 199782)
Burdigalian - Serravallian20.45 - 11.63Pakistan (Baluchistan) Prokanisamys sp., Prokanisamys arifi (180613) Prokanisamys sp., Prokanisamys arifi, Prokanisamys major (180629) Rhizomyinae indet., Prokanisamys sp., Prokanisamys arifi, Prokanisamys major (180619)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Türkiye (Bursa) Rhizomys sp. (68547)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Greece (Aegean) Heramys sp. (205389)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Nepal Rhizomyidae indet. (48667)
Vallesian11.63 - 8.725China (Xizang Zizhiqu) Brachyrhizomys hehoensis (42259)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246China (Yunnan) Rhizomyidae indet., Brachyrhizomys nagrii, Brachyrhizomys pilgrimi, Brachyrhizomys tetracharax (11798)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333India (Himachal Pradesh) Rhizomyoides sivalensis (13060)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6Chad Tachyoryctini indet. (24181)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6Ethiopia Tachyoryctes sp. (22139)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') Nannospalax compositodontus (174455)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09China (Yunnan) Brachyrhizomys nagrii, Brachyrhizomys tetracharax (44222) Brachyrhizomys pilgrimi, Brachyrhizomys tetracharax (44221 44223) Brachyrhizomys tetracharax (44219 44220 44224)
MN 127.9 - 6.965Türkiye (Anatolia) Spalacidae indet. (60534)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Moldova Nannospalax sp. (198590)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Ethiopia Tachyoryctes sp. (22160)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58India Brachyrhizomys sp. (70523)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Ethiopia Tachyoryctes pliocaenicus (21762 21765 21782 21784 21786)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774China (Anhui) Brachyrhizomys shansius (68380)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) Rhizomys brachyrhizomyoides (214689)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774China (Guangxi) Rhizomys sp. (230325)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.58 - 0.129China (Sichuan) Rhizomys troglodytes (226365)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117China (Jiangxi) Rhizomys sp. (35923)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117China (Yunnan) Rhizomys sp. (36587)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Hubei) Rhizomys sp. (234753)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Guangxi) Rhizomys sp. (38649 235739)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Guizhou) Rhizomys sp. (51100)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Thailand (Chaiyaphum) Cannomys badius (237787)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Vietnam (Lang Son) Rhizomys troglodytes (92781)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti Plain) Tachyoryctes splendens (32093)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117China (Hubei) Rhizomys sinensis, Rhizomys sp. (92787)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Thailand Cannomys badius (176213)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117China (Hunan) Rhizomys sp. (36729 36730)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Kenya Tachyoryctes sp. (21939) Tachyoryctes splendens (21932 21933 21934 21936 21938 21959)