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Rajidae (skate)
Taxonomy
Rajidae was named by Blainville (1816). It is extant.
It was corrected as Raiidae by Owen (1859).
It was assigned to Plagiostomi by Owen (1859); to Selachii by Woodward (1889); to Pachyura by Hay (1902); to Tectospondyli by Eastman (1904); to Elasmobranchii by Leriche (1942); to Sarcura by Jordan (1963); to Rajiformes by Cassier (1966); to Rajoidea by Jonet (1968), Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Rajoidei by Cappetta (1980), Cappetta (1987), Cahuzac et al. (2007); to Rajiformes by Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Purdy et al. (2001), Underwood (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020); and to Rajiformes by Cicimurri et al. (2022).
It was corrected as Raiidae by Owen (1859).
It was assigned to Plagiostomi by Owen (1859); to Selachii by Woodward (1889); to Pachyura by Hay (1902); to Tectospondyli by Eastman (1904); to Elasmobranchii by Leriche (1942); to Sarcura by Jordan (1963); to Rajiformes by Cassier (1966); to Rajoidea by Jonet (1968), Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Rajoidei by Cappetta (1980), Cappetta (1987), Cahuzac et al. (2007); to Rajiformes by Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Purdy et al. (2001), Underwood (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020); and to Rajiformes by Cicimurri et al. (2022).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1816 | Rajidae Blainville |
| 1859 | Raiidae Owen p. 119 |
| 1889 | Rajidae Woodward p. 84 |
| 1902 | Rajidae Hay p. 315 |
| 1904 | Rajidae Eastman p. 71 |
| 1942 | Rajidae Leriche p. 12 |
| 1963 | Rajidae Jordan p. 603 |
| 1966 | Rajidae Cassier p. 90 |
| 1968 | Rajidae Jonet p. 247 |
| 1980 | Rajidae Cappetta p. 202 |
| 1981 | Rajidae Thurmond and Jones p. 72 |
| 1983 | Rajidae Bendix-Almgreen p. 2 |
| 1987 | Rajidae Cappetta p. 143 |
| 2001 | Rajidae Purdy et al. p. 89 |
| 2006 | Rajidae Underwood p. 234 |
| 2007 | Rajidae Cahuzac et al. p. 26 |
| 2009 | Rajidae Cicimurri and Knight p. 635 |
| 2016 | Rajidae Nelson et al. p. 84 |
| 2018 | Rajidae Kent p. 124 |
| 2020 | Rajidae Villafaña et al. p. 746 |
| 2022 | Rajidae Cicimurri et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Rajidae Blainville 1816 [skate]
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G. †Amblyraja Malm 1877
G. †Batis Bonaparte 1837
G. †Cephaleutherus Rafinesque 1810
G. †Dactylobatus Bean and Weed 1909
G. †Dasybatus Bonaparte 1837
G. †Dipturus Rafinesque 1810
G. †Hieroptera Fleming 1841
G. †Laeviraja Bonaparte 1837
G. †Leucoraja Malm 1877
G. †Malacorhina Garman 1877
G. †Platopterus Rafinesque 1815
G. †Propterygia Otto 1824
G. †Psammobatis
G. Raja Linnaeus 1758
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†Raja antiqua Agassiz 1843
†Raja batis Linnaeus 1758
†Raja casieri Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja ceciliae Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja clavata Linnaeus 1767
†Raja davisi Fowler 1958
†Raja fallax Arambourg 1952
†Raja farishi Case and Cappetta 1997
†Raja gentili Joleaud 1912
†Raja harrisae Ward 1984
†Raja heinzelini Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja louisi Cappetta 1972
†Raja marandati Adnet 2006
†Raja mccollumi Cicimurri and Knight 2009
†Raja michauxi Adnet 2006
†Raja olisiponensis Jonet 1968
†Raja praeclavata Jonet 1968
†Raja primarmata Woodward 1889
†Raja similis Woodward 1889
†Raja sudhakari Prasad and Cappetta 1993
†Raja terhagenensis Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja texana Leriche 1942
G. †Sympterygia
G. †Uraptera Müller and Henle 1838
Invalid names: Rajinae de Blainville 1816 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Rhaetian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 205.70000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 201.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 201.4 Ma
Collections (92 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhaetian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Raja sp. (91635) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Lebanon | Pararaja expansa (69118) Rhinobatus expansus (216596) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Kansas) | Rajidae indet. (213419) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | USA (Colorado) | Rajidae indet. (213403) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | Lebanon | Raja davisi (92241) Raja minor (170327) | |
| Middle Campanian | USA (North Carolina) | Rajidae indet. (128412) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Sweden | Walteraja exigua (214323 214324 214325) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Texas) | Raja farishi (61738) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Walteraja exigua (213580) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Carolina) | Raja farishi (241417) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Rajidae indet. (26760) | |
| Maastrichtian | Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) | Raja sp. (221504) | |
| Maastrichtian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Raja sp. (58100) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Maryland) | Raja farishi (83331) | |
| Thanetian | Niger | Raja louisi (229530) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Texas) | Raja texana (83826) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | France (Landes) | Raja michauxi (161754) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | France (Landes) | Raja marandati (161753) | |
| Middle Eocene | Ukraine (Crimea) | Raja sp. (140018) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | Raja sp. (16848) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | Germany | Rajidae indet. (46086) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | USA (Oregon) | Raja sp. (201282) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Georgia) | Raja sp. (45640) | |
| Rupelian | USA (South Carolina) | Raja sp., Raja mccollumi (60444 224900) | |
| Rupelian | Germany | Raja heinzelini (46098) Raja terhagensis, Raja casieri, Raja ceciliae, Raja heinzelini (46096) | |
| Chattian | USA (South Carolina) | Raja sp., Raja mccollumi (97550) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | Raja casieri, Raja terhagenensis (32012) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | India (Gujarat) | Raja sp. (87721) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | India (Orissa) | Raja sp. (42842) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany (Bavaria) | Raja sp. (210593) | |
| Langhian | USA (Virginia) | Raja sp. (79793) | |
| Langhian | USA (California) | Raja sp. (59059) | |
| Langhian | Netherlands | Raja sp. (45505) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Gifu) | Raja sp. (161445) | |
| Badenian | Belgium | Raja holsatica, Raja sp. (208831) | |
| Badenian | Czechia (Mikulov) | Dipturus olisiponensis (161993) Raja sp. (161995) | |
| Serravallian | Japan (Hokuriku) | Rajidae indet. (161489) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | Raja sp. (126605 187324) | |
| Serravallian | Slovakia (Bratislava) | Rajidae indet. (58983) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Malta (Ras ii-Karraba) | Raja gentili (161384) | |
| Tortonian | Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) | Raja sp. (89445) | |
| Tortonian | Portugal | Raja praeclavata (91355) | |
| Tortonian | Poland | Raja sp. (121515) | |
| Tortonian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Rajidae indet. (128628 140010) | |
| Tortonian | Denmark | Raja sp. (98312) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Virginia) | Raja sp. (152251) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Costa Rica (Limon) | Raja sp. (162678) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Panama (Panama) | Raja sloani (191998) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa | Raja sp. (22219) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Netherlands | Raja sp. (53889) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Chile (Antwerpen) | Rajidae indet. (154114) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) | Raja sp. (162679) | |
| Messinian | Portugal | Raja sp. (91423) | |
| Messinian | USA (California) | Raja binoculata (184950) | |
| Messinian | USA (Virginia) | Raja sp. (179732) | |
| MN 13 | Portugal (Alvalade) | Raja sp., Raja olisiponensis (65955) | |
| MN 13 | Portugal | Raja sp. (65954) | |
| Zanclean | USA (California) | Raja binoculata (117471 184960 184961 184965) | |
| Zanclean | USA (South Carolina) | Raja sp. (77594) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Raja sp. (52582) | |
| Zanclean | Italy | Nebriimimus wardi (204946) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) | Raja sp., Raja clavata (59003) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Raja agassizi (53926) Raja sp. (213136) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Raja binoculata (117472 184954 184955 184956) | |
| Piacenzian | Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) | Raja sp. (89446) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Italy | Rajidae indet. (57058) | |
| Gelasian | United Kingdom (England) | Raja batis (78012) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Raja clavata (58420) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Raja sp. (59062) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Raja biloculata (222407 222408) Raja binoculata (222409) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Raja sp. (85314) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Raja sp. (190889) Raja spp. (59063) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Raja sp. (73485) |