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Hexanchidae (cow shark)
Taxonomy
Hexanchidae was named by Gray (1851) [also attributed to Gill 1885]. It is extant. Its type is Eonotidanus.
It was assigned to Plagiostomi by Rapp (1946); to Opistharthri by Jordan (1963); to Hexanchoidea by Hay (1902), Kumar and Loyal (1987); to Hexanchiformes by Welton (1974), Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Thies (1983), Long (1992), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Long et al. (1993), Cione and Reguero (1994), Siverson (1997), Case and Cappetta (1997), Rees (2000), Underwood (2006), Carnevale (2007), Bogan et al. (2016), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), van der Laan (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Feichtinger et al. (2024), dos Santos et al. (2024); and to Hexanchoidei by Cahuzac et al. (2007), Popov et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Plagiostomi by Rapp (1946); to Opistharthri by Jordan (1963); to Hexanchoidea by Hay (1902), Kumar and Loyal (1987); to Hexanchiformes by Welton (1974), Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Thies (1983), Long (1992), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Long et al. (1993), Cione and Reguero (1994), Siverson (1997), Case and Cappetta (1997), Rees (2000), Underwood (2006), Carnevale (2007), Bogan et al. (2016), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), van der Laan (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Feichtinger et al. (2024), dos Santos et al. (2024); and to Hexanchoidei by Cahuzac et al. (2007), Popov et al. (2025).
Subtaxa
Eonotidanus (type genus), Gladioserratus, Hexanchus, Monopterhinus, Notidanion, Notidanodon, Notidanus, Notorhynchus, Notorynchus, Protoheptranchias, Xampylodon
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1851 | Hexanchidae Gray |
| 1902 | Hexanchidae Hay p. 300 |
| 1946 | Hexanchidae Rapp p. 510 |
| 1963 | Hexanchidae Jordan p. 597 |
| 1974 | Hexanchidae Welton p. 6 |
| 1983 | Hexanchidae Bendix-Almgreen p. 2 |
| 1983 | Eonotidanidae Pfiel p. 25 |
| 1983 | Hexanchidae Thies p. 11 |
| 1987 | Hexanchidae Kumar and Loyal p. 62 |
| 1992 | Hexanchidae Long p. 14 |
| 1993 | Hexanchidae Cvancara and Hoganson p. 3 |
| 1993 | Hexanchidae Long et al. p. 655 |
| 1994 | Hexanchidae Cione and Reguero p. 5 |
| 1997 | Hexanchidae Case and Cappetta p. 134 |
| 1997 | Hexanchidae Siverson p. 455 |
| 2000 | Hexanchidae Rees p. 412 |
| 2006 | Hexanchidae Underwood p. 234 |
| 2007 | Hexanchidae Cahuzac et al. p. 12 |
| 2007 | Hexanchidae Carnevale |
| 2016 | Hexanchidae Bogan et al. |
| 2016 | Hexanchidae Nelson et al. p. 74 |
| 2018 | Hexanchidae Kent p. 55 |
| 2019 | Hexanchidae van der Laan p. 43 |
| 2020 | Hexanchidae Villafaña et al. p. 727 |
| 2024 | Hexanchidae Feichtinger et al. p. 4 |
| 2024 | Hexanchidae dos Santos et al. p. 4 |
| 2025 | Hexanchidae Popov et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Hexanchidae Gray 1851 [cow shark]
show all | hide all
G. †Eonotidanus Pfeil 1893
G. †Gladioserratus Underwood et al. 2011
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†Gladioserratus aptiensis Pictet 1865
†Gladioserratus dentatus Guinot et al. 2014
†Gladioserratus magnus Underwood et al. 2011
G. Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810 [sixgill shark]
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†Hexanchus agassizi Cappetta 1976
†Hexanchus gigas Sismonda 1857
†Hexanchus gracilis Davis 1887
Hexanchus griseus Bonaterre 1788 [bluntnose sixgill shark]
†Hexanchus microdon Agassiz 1835
G. †Monopterhinus Blainville 1816
G. †Notidanion Jordan 1923
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†Notidanion boreale Jordan and Hanibal 1923
†Notidanion chiconis Jordan 1907
G. †Notidanodon Cappetta 1975
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†Notidanodon dentatus Woodward 1886
†Notidanodon lanceolatus Woodward 1886
†Notidanodon pectinatus Agassiz 1843
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Invalid names: Notidanodon antarcti Grande and Chatterjee 1987 [synonym]
G. Notidanus Cuvier 1817
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†Notidanus gracilis Davis 1887
†Notidanus jenningsi Chapman and Pritchard 1904
†Notidanus marginalis Davis 1888
†Notidanus munsteri Agassiz 1843
†Notidanus recurvus Agassiz 1843
†Notidanus tenuidens Leriche 1938
†Notidanus ultra Ameghino 1901
G. Notorhynchus Ayres 1855 [sevengill shark]
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†Notorhynchus primigenius Agassiz 1835
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Invalid names: Notidanus thevenardi Delfortrie 1878 [synonym]
†Notorhynchus serratissimus Agassiz 1843
G. †Xampylodon Cappetta et al. 2019
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†Xampylodon brotzeni Siverson 1995
†Xampylodon dentatus Woodward 1886
†Xampylodon diastemacron dos Santos et al. 2024
†Xampylodon loozi Vincent 1876
Invalid names: Eonotidanidae Pfiel 1983 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wordian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 266.90000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 264.28 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 264.28 Ma
Collections (305 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wordian | Japan | Hexanchidae indet. (133500) | |
| Late/Upper Pliensbachian | Sweden (Scania) | Hexanchidae indet. (90692) | |
| Margaritatus | France | Hexanchidae indet. (149432) | |
| Spinatum | France (Ardennes) | Hexanchidae indet. (149428) | |
| Late/Upper Callovian | Poland | Hexanchidae indet. (117993) | |
| Kimmeridgian | Germany | Notidanus munsteri (131889) | |
| Cretaceous | New Zealand (South Island) | Notidanus sp. (204190) | |
| Early/Lower Valanginian | France (Gard) | Gladioserratus dentatus (213631) | |
| Late/Upper Hauterivian | United Kingdom (England) | Notidanodon lanceolatus (66420) Notorhynchus aptiensis (66418) | |
| Late/Upper Hauterivian | Germany | Notorhynchus aptiensis (210473) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Germany | Notidanodon lanceolatus, Notorhynchus aptiensis (241486) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | Germany | Notidanodon lanceolatus (241487) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | United Kingdom (England) | Notorhynchus aptiensis (213576 213577) | |
| Aptian | Japan (Iwate) | Hexanchus microdon (210766) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | USA (California) | Notidanodon lanceolatus (90650) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | France | Notorhynchus aptiensis (214869) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Notidanus sp. (122700) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | United Kingdom (England) | Notorhynchus aptiensis (213321 213323 213324) | |
| Albian | Australia (Western Australia) | Notorynchus aptiensis (90688) | |
| Middle Albian | United Kingdom (England) | Notorhynchus aptiensis (213325 213326 213367) | |