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Alopiidae (thresher shark)
Taxonomy
Alopiidae was named by Bonaparte (1838). It is extant.
It was assigned to Lamnoidei by Jordan (1963); to Odontaspidoidea by Herman (1977); to Galeoidea by Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Orectolobiformes by Purdy et al. (2001); and to Lamniformes by Antunes and Balbino (2003), Underwood (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020), Landau et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Lamnoidei by Jordan (1963); to Odontaspidoidea by Herman (1977); to Galeoidea by Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Orectolobiformes by Purdy et al. (2001); and to Lamniformes by Antunes and Balbino (2003), Underwood (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020), Landau et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1838 | Alopiidae Bonaparte |
| 1963 | Alopiidae Jordan p. 599 |
| 1977 | Alopiidae Herman p. 166 |
| 1981 | Alopiidae Thurmond and Jones p. 58 |
| 2001 | Alopiidae Purdy et al. p. 107 |
| 2003 | Alopiidae Antunes and Balbino p. 143 |
| 2006 | Alopiidae Underwood p. 235 |
| 2009 | Alopiidae Cicimurri and Knight p. 630 |
| 2016 | Alopiidae Nelson et al. p. 65 |
| 2018 | Alopiidae Kent p. 97 |
| 2020 | Alopiidae Villafaña et al. p. 733 |
| 2025 | Alopiidae Cicimurri et al. p. 17 |
| 2025 | Alopiidae Landau et al. p. 10 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Alopiidae Bonaparte 1838 [thresher shark]
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G. Alopias Rafinesque 1810 [thresher shark]
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†Alopias acutidens Casier 1958
†Alopias crochardi Ward 1978
†Alopias denticulatus Cappetta 1981
†Alopias exigua Probst 1879
†Alopias grandis Leriche 1942
†Alopias hermani Kozlov 1999
†Alopias latidens Leriche 1909
†Alopias latidens carolinensis White 1956
Alopias macrourus Rafinesque 1810
†Alopias palatasi Kent 2018
Alopias superciliosus Lowe 1840 [bigeye thresher]
Alopias vulpinus Bonnaterre 1788 [common thresher]
G. †Paralopias Canevet 2025
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†Paralopias alabamensis White 1956
†Paralopias follioti Canevet 2025
G. †Paranomotodon Herman 1977
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†Paranomotodon angustidens Reuss 1845
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Invalid names: Oxyrhina acuminata Reuss 1845 [synonym], Oxyrhina heteromorpha Reuss 1845 [synonym], Scoliodon priscus Reuss 1846 [synonym]
†Paranomotodon toddi Case and Cappetta 1997
G. †Vulpecula Valmont 1768
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Albian to the top of the Holocene or 113.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 110.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 110.1 Ma
Collections (208 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Albian | France (Marne) | Paranomotodon angustidens (235560) | |
| Middle Albian | France | Paranomotodon sp. (242282) | |
| Middle Albian | France (Haute-Marne) | Paranomotodon angustidens (235569) | |
| Middle Albian | France (Marne) | Paranomotodon angustidens (169108) | |
| Cenomanian | Australia (Western Australia) | Paranomotodon sp. (215794) | |
| Cenomanian | Angola | Paranomotodon angustidens (275502) | |
| Cenomanian | France | Paranomotodon angustidens (242208) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Paranomotodon angustidens (213567) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Germany | Paranomotodon angustidens (210063) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Utah) | Oxyrhina angustidens (236733 236734) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Spain (Asturias) | Paranomotodon sp. (98396) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | France | Paranomotodon angustidens (241896) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Paranomotodon angustidens (213569) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | France | Paranomotodon angustidens (242280) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | Czechia | Paranomotodon angustidens, Carcharias priscus (90516 90518) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | France | Carcharias priscus (242172) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | Poland | Paranomotodon angustidens (276940) | |
| Middle Turonian | Belgium | Paranomotodon angustidens (241974) | |
| Middle Turonian | Germany | Paranomotodon angustidens (228230) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Kansas) | Paranomotodon sp. (213387) | |