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Tetraodontiformes

Osteichthyes - Tetraodontiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1940Tetraodontiformes Berg
1981Tetraodontiformes Thurmond and Jones p. 107
1987Tetraodontiformes Kumar and Loyal p. 73
1988Tetraodontiformes Case and Schwimmer p. 300
1999Tetraodontiformes Weems p. 71
2001Tetraodontiformes Purdy et al.
2002Tetradontiformes Sepkoski
2006Tetradontiformes Carnevale and Santini
2006Tetraodontiformes Nelson
2009Tetraodontiformes Gregorova et al. p. 361
2011Tetraodontiformes Long p. 244
2012Tetraodontiformes Fierstine et al. p. 163
2013Tetraodontiformes Betancur et al.
2014Tetraodontiformes Bannikov p. 30
2016Tetraodontiformes Close et al. p. 502
2016Tetraodontiformes Nelson et al. p. 518
2018Tetraodontiformes Carnevale and Godfrey p. 199
2019Tetraodontiformes van der Laan p. 83
2025Tetraodontiformes Cantalice et al. p. 19
2025Tetraodontiformes Cicimurri et al. p. 99

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Acanthopterygii
—Percomorphaceae
—EupercariaBetancur et al. 2013
orderTetraodontiformesBerg 1940
orderTetraodontiformesBerg 1940

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Tetraodontiformes Berg 1940
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G. Alutera Oken 1817
+
G. †Proaracana Le Danois 1961
+
†Proaracana dubia Blainville 1818
G. †Atlanticopristis Pereira and Medeiros 2008
+
†Atlanticopristis equatorialis Pereira and Medeiros 2008
Subor. Balistoidei Kumar and Loyal 1987
+
Fm. Balistidae Rafinesque 1810
+
G. †Acanthoderma Agassiz 1842
G. Balistes Linnaeus 1758
+
†Balistes crassidens Casier 1958
†Balistes dubius Blainville 1818
†Balistes lerichei Bauzà 1949
†Balistes muensteri Schultz 2004
Balistes polylepis Steindachner 1876 [finescale triggerfish]
†Balistes procapriscus Arambourg 1927
G. †Balistomorphus Gill 1888
+
†Balistomorphus ovalis Agassiz 1842
†Balistomorphus spinosus Agassiz 1842
G. †Gornylistes Bannikov and Tyler 2008
+
†Gornylistes prodigiosus Bannikov and Tyler 2008
G. †Grypodon
+
†Grypodon texanus Dames 1883
Invalid names: Ancistrodon Roemer 1849 [replaced]
G. †Oligobalistes Danil'chenko 1960
+
†Oligobalistes robustus Danil'chenko 1960
Invalid names: Acanthodermidae Bonaparte 1850 [synonym]
Superfm. †Bolcabalistoidea
+
Invalid names: Eospinidae Santini and Tyler 2003 [empty]
Superfm. †Moclaybalistoidea Santini and Tyler 2003
+
Fm. Moclaybalistidae Santini and Tyler 2003
+
G. †Moclaybalistes Tyler and Santini 2002
+
†Moclaybalistes danekrus Tyler and Santini 2002
+
G. Aluterus Cloquet 1816 [Leatherjacket]
+
†Aluterus shigensis Miyajima et al. 2014
G. Amanses Gray 1835
+
†Amanses sulcifer Casier 1966
G. †Frigocanthus Sorbini and Tyler 2004
+
†Frigocanthus margaritatus Sorbini and Tyler 2004
†Frigocanthus stroppanobili Sorbini and Tyler 2004
Invalid names: Balistoidea [empty], Triacanthoidea [empty]
+
G. †Bolcabalistes Tyler and Sorbini 1998
+
†Bolcabalistes varii Tyler and Sorbini 1998
G. †Eospinus Tyler and Bannikov 1992
+
†Eospinus daniltshenkoi Tyler and Bannikov 1992
+
G. †Eoplectus Tyler 1975
+
†Eoplectus bloti Tyler 1975
G. †Indotrigonodon Jain and Sahni 1983
+
†Indotrigonodon ovatus Jain and Sahni 1983
G. †Kyrtogymnodon Tavani 1955
Subor. Moloidei
+
+
G. †Austromola Gregorova et al. 2009
+
†Austromola angerhoferi Gregorova et al. 2009
G. †Eomola Tyler and Bannikov 1992
+
†Eomola bimaxillaria Tyler and Bannikov 1992
G. Mola Linck 1790
+
Mola chelonopsis Ichishima and Kimura 2009
Mola mola Linnaeus 1758 [ocean sunfish]
†Mola pileata Van Beneden 1881
†Mola pileatus Van Beneden 1881
+
Invalid names: Pagurus torus Van Beneden 1881 [synonym]
Mola ramsayi Giglioli 1883
Invalid names: Orthagoriscus [synonym]
G. Ranzania Nardo 1840
+
†Ranzania grahami Weems 1985
Ranzania laevis Pennant 1776 [slender sunfish]
†Ranzania ogaii Uyeno and Sakamoto 1994
†Ranzania tenneyorum Weems 1985
†Ranzania zappai Carnevale 2007
G. †Oligodiodon Tavani 1955
Subor. Ostracioidea Tyler 1980
+
Invalid names: Spinacanthidae [empty]
+
+
G. †Eolactoria Tyler 1975
+
†Eolactoria sorbinii Tyler 1975
G. Lactophrys Swainson 1839
G. †Oligolactoria Tyler and Gregorovå 1991
+
†Oligolactoria bubiki Tyler and Gregorovå 1991
G. Ostracion Rafinesque 1815
+
†Ostracion clavatus Casier 1946
†Ostracion meretrix Daimeries 1891
†Ostracion micrurus Agassiz 1833
†Ostracion oblongus Zigno 1874
†Ostracion pergravis Schwarzhans 2003
G. †Pisdurodon Jain and Sahni 1983
+
†Pisdurodon spatulatus Jain and Sahni 1983
+
Fm. †Plectocretacicidae Tyler and Sorbini 1996
+
G. †Plectocretacicus Sorbini 1979
+
†Plectocretacicus clarae Sorbini 1979
Superfm. †Plectocretacicoidea Tyler and Sorbini 1996
+
Fm. †Cretatriacanthidae Tyler and Sorbini 1996
+
G. †Cretatriacanthus Tyler and Sorbini 1996
+
†Cretatriacanthus guidottii Tyler and Sorbini 1996
G. †Slovenitriacanthus Tyler and Križnar 2013
+
†Slovenitriacanthus saksidai Tyler and Križnar 2013
Fm. †Protriacanthidae Tyler and Sorbini 1996
+
G. †Protriacanthus d'Erasmo 1946
+
†Protriacanthus gortanii d'Erasmo 1946
+
G. †Protobalistum Zigno 1887
+
†Protobalistum imperiale Massalongo 1857
G. †Spinacanthus Agassiz 1835
+
†Spinacanthus blennioides Agassiz 1835
†Spinacanthus cuneiformis Blainville 1818
†Spinacanthus imperiale Massalongo 1857
+
Fm. †Avitoplectidae Bemis et al. 2017
+
G. †Avitoplectus Bemis et al. 2017
+
†Avitoplectus molaris Bemis et al. 2017
Fm. †Balkariidae Bannikov et al. 2017
+
G. †Balkaria Bannikov et al. 2017
+
†Balkaria histiopterygia Bannikov et al. 2017
G. †Ctenoplectus Close et al. 2016
+
†Ctenoplectus williamsi Close et al. 2016
Fm. Diodontidae Billberg 1833
+
G. Chilomycterus Brisout de Barneville 1846
+
†Chilomycterus acanthodes Sauvage 1870
†Chilomycterus dzonotensis Cantalice et al. 2025
†Chilomycterus schoepfi Walbaum 1792
G. Diodon Linnaeus 1758
+
†Diodon circumflexus Leriche 1942
†Diodon connewarrensis Chapman and Pritchard 1907
†Diodon erinaceus Agassiz 1844
†Diodon formosus Chapman and Pritchard 1907
†Diodon kugleri Casier 1958
†Diodon scillae Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Megalurites nitidum Costa 1864 [synonym]
†Diodon stenodus Portis 1889
†Diodon tenuispinus Agassiz 1833
†Diodon vetus Leidy 1855
Invalid names: Megalurites Costa 1864 [synonym]
G. †Eodiodon Casier 1952
G. †Heptadiodon Bronn 1855
+
†Heptadiodon echinus Heckel 1853
G. †Prodiodon
+
†Prodiodon erinaceus Agassiz 1844
†Prodiodon tenuispinus Agassiz 1833
G. †Progymnodon Dames 1883
+
G. †Pshekhadiodon Bannikov and Tyler 1997
+
†Pshekhadiodon parini Bannikov and Tyler 1997
G. †Zignodon Tyler and Santini 2002
+
†Zignodon fornasieroae Tyler and Santini 2002
Invalid names: Eodiodontidae Tavani 1955 [synonym], Progymnodontinae Tavani 1955 [invalid subgroup], Pshekhadiodontinae Bannikov and Tyler 2009 [invalid subgroup]
+
G. †Archaeotetraodon Carnevale and Santini 2006
+
†Archaeotetraodon bannikovi Carnevale and Tyler 2010
†Archaeotetraodon cerrinaferoni Carnevale and Santini 2006
†Archaeotetraodon dicarloi Carnevale and Tyler 2010
†Archaeotetraodon winterbottomi Tyler and Bannikov 1994
†Archaeotetraodon zafaranai Carnevale and Tyler 2010
G. †Eotetraodon Tyler 1980
+
†Eotetraodon gornylutshensis Bannikov and Tyler 2008
†Eotetraodon pygmaeus Zigno 1887
†Eotetraodon tavernei Tyler and Bannikov 2013
G. †Leithaodon Carnevale and Tyler 2015
+
†Leithaodon sandroi Carnevale and Tyler 2015
G. Sphoeroides Lacépède 1798
+
†Sphoeroides hyperostosus Tyler et al. 1992
G. Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758
+
†Tetraodon lecointrae Leriche 1957
†Tetraodon scillae Lawley 1876
†Tetrodon pygmaeus Zigno 1887
Invalid names: Gymnodontidae Cuvier 1817 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eoplectoidea [empty], Moloidea [empty], Tetraodontoidea [empty], Triodontoidea [empty]
+
+
Invalid names: Hollardinae [empty], Triacanthodinae [empty]
Subor. Triacanthoidei Betancur et al. 2013
+
Fm. Triacanthidae Bleeker 1859
+
G. †Cryptobalistes Tyler 1968
G. †Protacanthodes Gill 1888
+
†Protacanthodes nimesensis Tyler and Santini 2001
†Protacanthodes omboni de Zigno 1887
†Protacanthodes ombonii de Zigno 1887
G. Triacanthus Oken 1817
Invalid names: Cryptobalistinae Tyler 1968 [invalid subgroup], Protacanthodinae Tyler 1968 [invalid subgroup], Triacanthinae [empty]
+
G. Triodon Cuvier 1829
+
†Triodon antiquus Leriche 1905
+
G. †Zignoichthys Tyler 1975
+
†Zignoichthys oblongus Zigno 1874
Invalid names: Trigonodontoidae Weiler 1929 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:45:45
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:45:45
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Cenomanian to the top of the Holocene or 100.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma

Collections (190 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Brazil (Maranhão) Atlanticopristis equatorialis (56365)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Lebanon Plectocretacicus clarae (127284)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian100.5 - 89.8Slovenia Protriacanthus gortanii (123579)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian85.7 - 72.2Slovenia (Kras) Slovenitriacanthus saksidai (221379)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Italy (Lecce) Cretatriacanthus guidott (140248)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Maharashtra) Ostracion sp. (58102)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Indotrigonodon ovatus (153368)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Maharashtra) Indotrigonodon ovatus, Pisdurodon spatulatus (60397)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Indotrigonodon sp. (58100)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Denmark Ostracion pergravis (159793)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0USA (Virginia) Ostracion meretrix (84048)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0USA (South Carolina) Ostraciidae indet., Progymnodon hilgendorfi (152240)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07India (Himachal Pradesh) Diodon sp. (31267)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Virginia) Ostraciidae indet. (15595)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy Monacanthidae indet., Tetraodontidae indet., Molidae indet., Ostraciidae indet., Protacanthodes ombonii, Protacanthodes nimesensis, Spinacanthus cuneiformis, Protobalistum imperiale, Bolcabalistes varii, Proaracana dubia, Eolactoria sorbinii, Eoplectus bloti, Zignoichthys oblongus, Eotetraodon pygmaeus, Prodiodon tenuispinus, Prodiodon erinaceus, Heptadiodon echinus, Zignodon fornasieroae, Triodontidae indet., Oligobalistes robustus, Eospinus daniltshenkoi, Moclaybalistes danekrus, Balistomorphus ovalis, Balistomorphus spinosus, Balistomorphus orbiculatus, Pshekhadiodon parini (55239) Protacanthodes ombonii, Protacanthodes nimesensis, Spinacanthus cuneiformis, Protobalistum imperiale, Bolcabalistes varii, Proaracana dubia, Eolactoria sorbinii, Eoplectus bloti, Zignoichthys oblongus, Eotetraodon pygmaeus, Eotetraodon tavernei, Prodiodon tenuispinus, Prodiodon erinaceus, Heptadiodon echinus, Zignodon fornasieroae (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Belgium Triodon antiquus (219004 219006) Triodon antiquus, Ostracion clavatus (219001 219005)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom Triodon antiquus (215472)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Kyrgyzstan (Osh) Ostracion sp. (28490)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Turkmenistan Eospinus daniltshenkoi (186444)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Ctenoplectus williamsi (189828)