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Prymnesiophycidae

Coccolithophyceae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1986Prymnesiophycidae Cavalier-Smith
1997Prymnesiophycidae Young and Bown

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RankNameAuthor
—Life
—Eukaryota()
—Chromalveolata
phylumHaptophytaHibberd ex Cavalier-Smith 1986
RankNameAuthor
classCoccolithophyceae
subclassPrymnesiophycidaeCavalier-Smith 1986
subclassPrymnesiophycidaeCavalier-Smith 1986

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. †Prymnesiophycidae Cavalier-Smith 1986
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Fm. †Braarudosphaeraceae Deflandre 1947
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G. †Braarudosphaera Deflandre 1947
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†Braarudosphaera africana Stradner 1961
†Braarudosphaera bigelowii Gran and Braarud 1935
†Braarudosphaera turbinea Stradner 1963
G. †Bukryaster Prins 1971
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†Bukryaster hayi Bukry 1969
G. †Micrantholithus Deflandre 1954
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†Micrantholithus altus Bybell and Gartner 1972
†Micrantholithus brevis Jakubowski 1986
†Micrantholithus flos Deflandre 1950
†Micrantholithus hoschulzii Reinhardt 1966
†Micrantholithus obtusus Stradner 1963
†Micrantholithus speetonensis Perch-Nielsen 1979
G. †Pentaster Bybell and Gartner 1972
G. Quinquerhabdus Bukry and Bramlette 1969
G. †Trapezopentus Wind and Cepek 1979
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†Trapezopentus sarmatus Wind and Cepek 1979
G. †Centosphaera Wind and Wise 1977
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†Centosphaera barbata Wind and Wise 1977
G. †Ceratolithina Martini 1967
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†Ceratolithina bicornuta Perch-Nielsen 1988
†Ceratolithina copis Burnett 1997
†Ceratolithina cruxii Perch-Nielsen 1988
†Ceratolithina duplex Burnett 1997
†Ceratolithina hamata Martini 1967
G. †Ceratolithoides Bramlette and Martini 1964
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†Ceratolithoides aculeus Stradner 1961
†Ceratolithoides amplector Burnett 1997
†Ceratolithoides arcuatus Prins and Sissingh 1977
†Ceratolithoides indiensis Burnett 1997
†Ceratolithoides kamptneri Bramlette and Martini 1964
†Ceratolithoides pricei Burnett 1997
†Ceratolithoides prominens Burnett 1997
†Ceratolithoides ultimus Burnett 1997
†Ceratolithoides verbeekii Perch-Nielsen 1979
G. †Chiphragmalithus Bramlette and Sullivan 1894
G. †Coccolithites Kamptner 1955
G. †Coccolithus Schwartz 1959
+
†Coccolithus bidens Bramlette and Sullivan 1961
†Coccolithus consuetus Bramlette and Sullivan 1961
†Coccolithus eminens Bramlette and Sullivan 1961
†Coccolithus expansus Bramlette and Sullivan 1961
†Coccolithus formosus Kamptner 1963
†Coccolithus grandis Bramlette and Riedel 1954
†Coccolithus occultatus Locker 1967
Coccolithus pelagicus Wallich 1877
†Coccolithus solitus Bramlette and Sullivan 1961
†Coccolithus staurion Bramlette and Sullivan 1961
Invalid names: Coccolithophora Lohmann 1902 [synonym], Cyclococcolithus Kamptner 1954 [synonym], Cyclolithus Kamptner 1948 [synonym], Tremalithus Kamptner 1948 ex Piviteau 1952 1952 [synonym]
G. †Cricolithus Kamptner 1963
G. †Cruciplacolithus Hay and Mohler 1927
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†Cruciplacolithus primus Perch-Nielsen 1977
†Cruciplacolithus staurion Bramlette and Sullivan 1961
†Cruciplacolithus tenuis Stradner 1961
G. †Discoaster Tan 1902
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†Discoaster adamanteus Bramlette and Wilcoxon 1967
†Discoaster bellus Bukry and Percival 1971
†Discoaster brouweri Tan Sin Hok 1927
†Discoaster deflandrei Bramlette and Riedel 1954
†Discoaster quinqueramus Gartner 1969
†Discoaster surculus Martini and Bramlette 1963
†Discoaster variabilis Martini and Bramlette 1963
Fm. †Eoconusphaeraceae Kristan-Tollman 1988
+
G. †Calcivascularis Wiegand 1984
G. †Conusphaera Trejo 1969
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†Conusphaera mexicana Trejo 1969
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†Conusphaera mexicana minor Bralower 1989
†Conusphaera rothii Thierstein 1971
†Conusphaera sinespina de Kaenel and Bergen 1996
Invalid names: Cretaturbella Thierstein 1971 [synonym]
G. †Eoconusphaera Jafar 1983
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†Eoconusphaera zlambachensis Moshkovitz 1982
G. †Haqius Roth 1978
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†Haqius circumradiatus Stover 1966
†Haqius ellipticus Grün 1975
†Haqius peltatus Bown 2005
G. †Kokia Perch-Nielsen 1988
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†Kokia borealis Perch-Nielsen 1988
†Kokia curvata Perch-Nielsen 1988
†Kokia stellata Bown 2005
G. †Liliasterites Stradner and Steinmetz 1984
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†Liliasterites angularis Svábenicka and Stradner 1984
G. †Markalius Bramlette and Martini 1964
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†Markalius apertus Perch-Nielsen 1979
†Markalius inversus Deflandre 1954
G. †Marthasterites Deflandre 1959
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†Marthasterites bramlettei Deflandre 1959
†Marthasterites crassus Deflandre 1959
†Marthasterites furcatus Deflandre 1954
†Marthasterites inconspicuus Deflandre 1959
†Marthasterites simplex Bukry 1969
Fm. †Microrhabdulaceae Deflandre 1963
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G. †Lithraphidites Deflandre 1963
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†Lithraphidites acutus Verbeek and Manivit 1977
†Lithraphidites alatus Thierstein 1972
†Lithraphidites bollii Thierstein 1971
†Lithraphidites carniolensis Deflandre 1963
†Lithraphidites kennethii Perch-Nielsen 1986
†Lithraphidites morayfirthensis Jakubowski 1986
†Lithraphidites quadratus Bramlette and Martini 1964
G. †Microrhabdulinus Deflandre 1963
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†Microrhabdulinus ambiguus Deflandre 1963
G. †Microrhabduloidus Deflandre 1963
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G. †Microrhabdulus Deflandre 1959
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†Microrhabdulus attenuatus Deflandre 1959
†Microrhabdulus belgicus Hay and Towe 1963
†Microrhabdulus decoratus Deflandre 1959
†Microrhabdulus helicoideus Deflandre 1959
†Microrhabdulus nodosus Stradner 1963
†Microrhabdulus stradneri Bramlette and Martini 1964
†Microrhabdulus undosus Perch-Nielsen 1973
G. †Pseudomicula Perch-Nielsen 1978
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†Pseudomicula quadrata Perch-Nielsen 1978
Fm. †Nannoconaceae Deflandre 1959
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G. †Faviconus Bralower 1989
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†Faviconus multicolumnatus Bralower 1989
G. †Nannoconus Kamptner 1931
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†Nannoconus abundans Stradner and Grün 1973
†Nannoconus borealis Perch-Nielsen 1979
†Nannoconus bucheri Brönnimann 1955
†Nannoconus circularis Deres and Achéritéguy 1980
†Nannoconus compressus Bralower and Thierstein 1989
†Nannoconus cornuta Deres and Achéritéguy 1980
†Nannoconus dauvillieri Deflandre and Deflandre 1959
†Nannoconus dislocatus Perch-Nielsen 1988
†Nannoconus elongatus Brönnimann 1955
†Nannoconus farinacciae Bukry 1969
†Nannoconus inornatus Rutledge and Bown 1996
†Nannoconus kamptneri Brönnimann 1955
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†Nannoconus kamptneri minor Bralower 1989
†Nannoconus kamptneri kamptneri Brönnimann 1955
†Nannoconus ligius Applegate and Bergen 1988
†Nannoconus minutus Brönnimann 1955
†Nannoconus multicadus Deflandre and Deflandre 1959
†Nannoconus oviformis Perch-Nielsen 1988
†Nannoconus pseudoseptentrionalis Rutledge and Bown 1996
†Nannoconus quadriangulus Deflandre and Deflandre 1967
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†Nannoconus quadriangulus quadriangulus Deflandre and Deflandre 1967
†Nannoconus quadriangulus apertus Deflandre and Deflandre 1967
†Nannoconus quadricanalis Bown and Concheyro 2004
†Nannoconus regularis Deres and Achéritéguy 1980
†Nannoconus steinmannii Kamptner 1931
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†Nannoconus steinmannii minor Deres and Achéritéguy 1980
†Nannoconus truittii Brönnimann 1955
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†Nannoconus truittii rectangularis Deres and Achéritéguy 1980
†Nannoconus truittii truittii Deres and Achéritéguy 1980
†Nannoconus truittii frequens Brönnimann 1955
†Nannoconus vocontiensis Deres and Achéritéguy 1980
†Nannoconus wassallii Brönnimann 1955
G. †Neochiastozygus Perch-Nielsen 1967
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†Neochiastozygus chiastus Perch-Nielsen 1971
†Neochiastozygus concinnus Perch-Nielsen 1971
G. †Orthogonoides Wiegand 1984
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†Orthogonoides hamiltoniae Wiegand 1984
G. †Pontosphaera Lohmann 1961
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†Pontosphaera exilis Bramlette and Sullivan 1961
†Pontosphaera obliquipons Romein 1979
†Pontosphaera pulchra Romein 1979
Invalid names: Discolithina Loeblich and Tappan 1963 [synonym], Discolithus Huxley 1868 [synonym]
G. †Prinsiosphaera Jafar 1983
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G. †Prolatipatella Gartner 1968
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G. †Repagulum Forchheimer 1972
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†Repagulum parvidentatum Deflandre and Fert 1954
G. †Rhabdolithus Kamptner ex Deflandre in Grassé 1952 1952
Fm. †Schizosphaerellaceae Deflandre 1959
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G. †Schizosphaerella Deflandre and Dangeard 1938
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†Schizosphaerella punctulata Deflandre and Dangeard 1938
G. †Tortolithus Crux 1982
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†Tortolithus furlongii Bukry 1969
†Tortolithus hallii Bukry 1969
†Tortolithus pagei Bukry 1969
†Tortolithus polygonatus Görka 1963
G. †Triquetrorhabdulus Martini 1965
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†Triquetrorhabdulus shetlandensis Perch-Nielsen 1988
G. †Watkinsia Covington 1994
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†Watkinsia pedalion Covington 1994
G. †Zygolithus Kampter ex Matthes 1956 1956
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†Zygolithus bijugatus Deflandre and Fert 1954
†Zygolithus dubius Deflandre and Fert 1954
G. †Zygrhablithus Deflandre 1971
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†Zygrhablithus bijugatus Deflandre and Fert 1954
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: oceanic, oligotrophic, marine, brackishp
Locomotion: passively mobilep
Life habit: planktonicp
Depth habitat: surfacep
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2006-10-31 06:24:05
Modified: 2006-10-31 08:24:05
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2003

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Sinemurian to the top of the Ionian or 196.50000 to 0.12900 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 190.8 Ma

Collections (299 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8Austria Schizosphaerella punctulata (38056 38057 38058 38059)
Late/Upper Sinemurian - Late/Upper Pliensbachian196.5 - 183.0Morocco Schizosphaerella sp. (205759 205760 205762 205763 205764 205765 205767 205768 205769 205770 205775 205776) Schizosphaerella sp., Schizosphaerella spp. (205761 205772 205773 205777 205778 205779) Schizosphaerella spp., Schizosphaerella sp. (205771)
Pliensbachian190.8 - 182.7Spain (Jaén) Orthogonoides hamiltoniae, Schizosphaerella punctulata (201759) Schizosphaerella punctulata (201752 201753 201754 201755 201756 201758)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0Spain (Granada) Schizosphaerella punctulata (199494)
Toarcian182.7 - 174.1Spain (Murcia) Schizosphaerella punctulata (201764 201765 201766 201768 201769 201770 201771 201772 201773 201774 201775 201776 201777 201778 201779 201780 201781 201782 201783 201787 201788 201789 201790 201791 201792 201793 201794)
Toarcian182.7 - 174.1Spain (Jaén) Orthogonoides hamiltoniae, Schizosphaerella punctulata (201668 201670 201677 201685 201751) Schizosphaerella punctulata (201665 201666 201667 201669 201671 201672 201673 201674 201675 201676 201678 201750)
Levesquei182.0 - 175.6Germany Schizosphaerella sp. (59430 59431)
Middle Toarcian182.0 - 175.6Spain (Murcia) Schizosphaerella punctulata (201795 201796 201797 201798 201799 201800 201801 201802 201803 201804 201805 201806 201807 201808 201810 201811 201812 201813)
Late/Upper Toarcian180.1 - 175.6Germany Schizosphaerella punctulata (59449 59451 59453) Schizosphaerella sp. (59454)
Late/Upper Toarcian180.1 - 175.6Spain (Granada) Schizosphaerella punctulata (199164 199165 199166 199167 199168 199169 199171 199172 199173 199177 199181 199187 199195 199198 199229 199231 199235 199247 199248 199253 199487 199488 199490 199491 199492 199493 199495 199496 201880 201948 202097 202098 202099 202100 202101 202102 202103 202104 202105 202106 202107 202108 202109 202110 202111 202112 202113 202114 202115 202116 202117)
Early/Lower Aalenian175.6 - 171.6Germany Schizosphaerella sp. (59457)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3Saudi Arabia Schizosphaerella punctulata (45265)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Saudi Arabia Schizosphaerella punctulata (45464)
Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Micrantholithus sp., Markalius inversus, Cruciplacolithus tenuis (236900)
Early/Lower Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0Germany Nannoconus sp., Conusphaera sp., Micrantholithus sp., Micrantholithus speetonensis, Micrantholithus obtusus, Micrantholithus hoschulzii (50181)
Hauterivian - Barremian132.9 - 125.0Slovakia Braarudosphaera bigelowi (2060) Zygolithus compactus, Braarudosphaera bigelowi (2061)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Spain (Granada) Braarudosphaera africana (50388) Micrantholithus stellatus (50375 50377 50379 50384 50385 50386 50389 50391) Micrantholithus stellatus, Braarudosphaera africana (50372 50373 50376 50378 50380 50381 50382 50383 50387 50390)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Spain (Granada) Micrantholithus stellatus, Braarudosphaera africana (50392 50393 50394) Micrantholithus stellatus, Braarudosphaera africana, Nannoconus truittii (50395 50396 50399) Micrantholithus stellatus, Nannoconus truittii (50398)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9South Atlantic Cricolithus multiradiatus, Cricolithus pemmatoideus (209782)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Tanzania (Lindi) Lithraphidites acutus (179316)
Early/Lower Cenomanian - Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Tanzania (Lindi) Lithraphidites acutus (179883)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Late/Upper Turonian99.6 - 89.3Tanzania (Lindi) Lithraphidites septenarius (179874)
Middle Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian99.6 - 89.3Tanzania (Lindi) Lithraphidites acutus (179885)
Turonian - Coniacian93.9 - 86.3Italy (Gargano) Marthasterites surcatus (162667)
Early/Lower Turonian - Middle Turonian93.5 - 89.3Tanzania (Lindi) Lithraphidites acutus (179882)
Early/Lower Turonian - Middle Turonian93.5 - 89.3Canada (Alberta) Braarudosphaera bigelowii (71250 71254) Microrhabdulus decoratus (71353)
Middle Turonian93.5 - 89.3Austria (Salzkammergut) Nannoconus elongatus, Lithraphidites carniolensis, Braarudosphaera regularis, Braarudosphaera bigelowii (142308)
Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian85.8 - 70.6USA (Alabama) Marthasterites furcatus (54137)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Argentina (Buenos Aires) Micrantholithus sp., Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus primus (236901)
Early/Lower Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Tanzania (Lindi) Ceratolithoides aculeus (179317)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes) Zygolithus stenopous, Nannoconus elongatus, Braarudosphaera bigelowii (178473)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6Israel (Southern District) Ceratolithoides aculeus, Bukryaster hayi (220176)
Late/Upper Campanian - Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Microrhabdulus decoratus, Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Markalius inversus (236602)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Argentina (Rio Negro) Lithraphidites carniolensis, Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Repagulum parvidentatum, Markalius inversus (237645) Lithraphidites carniolensis, Markalius apertus (237650) Microrhabdulus belgicus, Lithraphidites carniolensis, Repagulum parvidentatum, Markalius inversus (237647) Microrhabdulus belgicus, Lithraphidites carniolensis, Repagulum parvidentatum, Markalius inversus, Markalius apertus (237078 237652) Microrhabdulus belgicus, Lithraphidites quadratus, Repagulum parvidentatum, Markalius inversus (237646) Microrhabdulus belgicus, Repagulum parvidentatum, Markalius inversus (237648 237649)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Cruciplacolithus sp., Micrantholithus sp., Micrantholithus pinguis, Braarudosphaera bigelowi, Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus primus (236899) Markalius inversus (236646 237064 237065 237066)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Lithraphidites quadratus (205799 205803)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Lithraphidites quadratus (205793 205796 205797 205798)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Markalius inversus (232049) Microrhabdulus belgicus (232048) Repagulum parvidentatum (232047)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Germany (Bayern) Lithraphidites quadratus (67197)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Arkansas) Lithraphidites quadratus (205795)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Braarudosphaera bigelowii (231295)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Argentina (Neuquén) Lithraphidites carniolensis, Markalius inversus (232654)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.7Argentina (Santa Cruz) Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus edwardsii, Cruciplacolithus primus (232046) Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus edwardsii, Cruciplacolithus primus, Cruciplacolithus tenuis, Neochiastozygus concinnus, Pontosphaera exilis (232045) Coccolithus pelagicus, Pontosphaera pulchra (232043) Cruciplacolithus primus (232044) Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus edwardsii, Markalius apertus (232042)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Missouri) Braarudosphaera bigelowi, Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus tenuis, Neochiastozygus concinnus (231964) Braarudosphaera discula, Braarudosphaera bigelowi, Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus tenuis (232026)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Chubut) Coccolithus cavus, Cruciplacolithus primus (172887) Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus primus (236767) Markalius inversus, Cruciplacolithus primus, Cruciplacolithus tenuis (236766)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Buenos Aires) Cruciplacolithus sp., Micrantholithus sp., Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus primus, Cruciplacolithus tenuis, Neochiastozygus concinnus (236898) Discoaster sp., Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus edwardsii, Cruciplacolithus primus, Cruciplacolithus tenuis, Pontosphaera multipora (236645)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Santa Cruz) Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus primus, Pontosphaera pulchra (237045) Markalius inversus, Cruciplacolithus primus, Markalius apertus, Pontosphaera pulchra (237043)
Danian - Selandian66.0 - 59.2Argentina (Santa Cruz) Coccolithus pelagicus, Zygrhablithus bijugatus, Cruciplacolithus tenuis, Pontosphaera pulchra (237044)
Danian - Oligocene66.0 - 23.03Argentina (Chubut) Coccolithus pelagicus, Pontosphaera multipora (236768)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Denmark (Fyn) Neochiastozygus perfectus (196766)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Tanzania (Lindi) Pontosphaera spp., Neochiastozygus spp., Neochiastozygus perfectus, Coccolithus spp. (179310)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Argentina (Santa Cruz) Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Cruciplacolithus primus, Markalius apertus, Pontosphaera multipora, Pontosphaera pulchra (237046)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (South Carolina) Discoaster multiradiatus (186974)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8USA (South Carolina) Discoaster salisburgenesis, Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Coccolithus pelagicus (152240)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Peru Discolithina sp. (42706)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Ukraine (Luhansk) Discoaster bifax, Discoaster wemmelensis (232266)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Georgia) Pontosphaera sp., Discoaster barbadiensis, Discoaster sp., Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Coccolithus pelagicus, Zygrhablithus bijugatus, Coccolithus formosus, Zygolithus dubius (4868)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Ukraine Discoaster bifax (234810 234811) Discoaster martinii, Discoaster bifax (234774)
Lutetian - Bartonian47.8 - 38.0Ukraine Discoaster bifax (234812)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (California) Pontosphaera distincta, Pontosphaera pectinata, Pontosphaera plana, Discoaster barbadiensis, Discoaster bifax, Discoaster binodosus, Discoaster distinctus, Discoaster elegans, Discoaster gemmifer, Discoaster gemmeus, Discoaster germanicus, Discoaster lodosensus, Discoaster martinii, Discoaster nonaradiatus, Discoaster salpenensis, Discoaster septemradiatus, Discoaster subiodoensis, Discoaster wemmelensis, Discoaster sp., Cruciplacolithus delus, Coccolithus cribellum, Coccolithus eopelagicus, Coccolithus sp., Chiphragmalithus acanthodes, Micrantholithus sp., Coccolithus pelagicus, Coccolithus formosus, Cruciplacolithus staurion, Pontosphaera multipora (206540) Pontosphaera distincta, Pontosphaera pectinata, Pontosphaera plana, Pontosphaera vescus, Discoaster barbadiensis, Discoaster binodosus, Discoaster deflandral, Discoaster distinctus, Discoaster elegans, Discoaster gemmifer, Discoaster gemmeus, Discoaster germanicus, Discoaster lodosensus, Discoaster nonaradiatus, Discoaster salpenensis, Discoaster septemradiatus, Discoaster subiodoensis, Discoaster sp., Cruciplacolithus delus, Coccolithus cribellum, Coccolithus eopelagicus, Coccolithus sp., Chiphragmalithus acanthodes, Micrantholithus crenulatus, Micrantholithus sp., Coccolithus pelagicus, Coccolithus formosus, Cruciplacolithus staurion, Pontosphaera multipora (206538) Pontosphaera pectinata, Pontosphaera plana, Discoaster barbadiensis, Discoaster binodosus, Discoaster distinctus, Discoaster elegans, Discoaster gemmifer, Discoaster germanicus, Discoaster lodosensus, Discoaster nonaradiatus, Discoaster salpenensis, Discoaster septemradiatus, Discoaster subiodoensis, Discoaster wemmelensis, Discoaster sp., Cruciplacolithus delus, Coccolithus eopelagicus, Coccolithus sp., Micrantholithus sp., Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster deflandrei, Coccolithus formosus, Cruciplacolithus staurion, Pontosphaera multipora (206539)
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (California) Discoaster distinctus (16762)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Ukraine Discoaster barbadiensis, Discoaster saipanensis (234814) Discoaster nodifer (234813)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Tonga Discoaster tani, Discoaster deftandrei, Coccolithus bisectus, Coccolithus eopelagicus, Coccolithus scissurus, Cyclococcolithus lusitanicus, Cyclococcolithus neogrammation, Micrantholithus sp., Braarudosphaera bigelow, Braarudosphaera discula, Zygrhablithus bijugatus (43006)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Discoaster saipanensis, Discoaster tani, Coccolithus eopelagicus, Braarudosphaera discula, Braarudosphaera bigelowi, Zygrhablithus bijugatus, Coccolithus formosus (149316)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Discoaster barbadiensis, Discoaster saipanensis, Discoaster tani, Coccolithus sp., Discolithina distincta, Discolithina pulcheroides, Micrantholithus vesper, Braarudosphaera bigelowi, Coccolithus pelagicus, Zygrhablithus bijugatus (86616)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Jordan Discoaster barbadiensis, Discoaster binodosus, Discoaster saipanensis, Discoaster tani, Coccolithus eopelagicus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Zygrhablithus bijugatus, Cyclococcolithus formosus (32899)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Azerbaijan Discoaster saipanensis, Discoaster barbadiensis (45884)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Pontosphaera desueta, Pontosphaera sp., Cruciplacolithus sp., Coccolithus crassipons, Coccolithus spp., Cyclococcolithus spp., Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Markalius inversus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Pontosphaera multipora, Zygrahablithus bijugatus (68021)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03USA (Virginia) Discoaster sp. (164631)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Costa Rica Discoaster tanii, Discoaster lenticularis, Discoaster sublodoensis, Discoaster bardiensis, Discoaster deflandrei (179810)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97India Discoaster flandrei, Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Coccolithus pelagicus (111542)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Taiwan Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster deflandrei (41742)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97USA (California) Coccolithus pelagicus (196138)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Chile (Atacama) Discoaster sp., Discoaster variabilis (221936)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Micronesia, Federated States of Coccolithus miopelagicus, Discoaster variabilis, Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster adamanteus, Discoaster deflandrei (191881 191882) Discoaster variabilis, Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster adamanteus, Discoaster deflandrei (191879 191880)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97France Coccolithus abisectus, Cyclococcolithus floredanus, Coccolithus pelagicus (66288)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Italy (Veneto) Coccolithus sp. (233559)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Azerbaijan Braarudosphaera bigelowi, Coccolithus pelagicus, Pontosphaera multipora (116629)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.44 - 13.82Micronesia, Federated States of Coccolithus miopelagicus, Discoaster variabilis, Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster adamanteus, Discoaster deflandrei (191883 191885)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Micronesia, Federated States of Coccolithus miopelagicus, Discoaster variabilis, Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster adamanteus, Discoaster deflandrei (191884)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Azerbaijan Braarudosphaera bigelowi, Coccolithus pelagicus (116631)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Ecuador Discoaster variabilis, Cyclococcolithina leptoporus (90851) Discoaster variabilis, Discoaster intercalaris, Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster brouweri, Cyclococcolithina leptoporus, Cyclococcolithina macintyri (90852)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Slovakia Braarudosphaera bigelowii (145938) Pontosphaera japonica, Pontosphaera kamptneri, Coccolithus pelagicus (145935)
Sarmatian12.7 - 11.608Slovenia Braarudosphaera sp., Discoaster variabilis, Coccolithus pelagicus, Pontosphaera multipora (55454)
Sarmatian12.7 - 11.608Slovakia Coccolithus pelagicus (145971) Pontosphaera japonica, Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Discoaster variabilis, Coccolithus pelagicus (145974)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Indonesia Pontosphaera sp. (168772)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Greece Pontosphaera spp., Discoaster variabilis, Discoaster intercalaris, Discoaster bellus, Coccolithus pelagicus (138313)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Piedmont) Discoaster sp. (113998)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Tanzania Discoaster variabilis, Discoaster brouweri, Discoaster surculus, Discoaster quinqueramus (202214)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy (Siena) Discoaster asymmetricus, Discoaster tamalis, Discoaster sp., Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster brouweri, Discoaster surculus, Pontosphaera multipora (45497)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Ecuador Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster brouweri, Discoaster quinqueramus, Cyclococcolithina macintyrei (90840)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Ireland Discoaster triradiatus, Discoaster kugleri, Discoaster surclus, Coccolithus crassipons, Coccolithus miopelagicus, Braarudosphaera sp., Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Discoaster variabilis, Coccolithus pelagicus, Discoaster deflandrei, Discoaster brouweri, Discoaster surculus, Pontosphaera multipora (152368)
Ionian (interglacial)0.774 - 0.129Italy (Apulia) Pontosphaera sp., Coccolithus pelagicus (157640)
Ionian - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Italy (Apulia) Pontosphaera sp., Coccolithus pelagicus (157642)