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Hippotherium primigenium

Osteichthyes - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Equus primigenius was named by von Meyer (1829). It is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Khushal Garh, which is in a Miocene terrestrial horizon in Pakistan.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hipparion depereti by Sondaar (1974); it was recombined as Hipparion primigenium by Pesquero et al. (2006); it was recombined as Hippotherium primigenium by Kaup (1832), Cope (1889), Alroy (2008).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
H. brachypus, H. catalaunicum, H. chiai, H. intrans, H. malpassii, H. sarmaticum, H. weihoense

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1829Equus primigenius von Meyer
1832Hippotherium primigenium Kaup
1876Equus primigenius Lydekker
1889Hippotherium primigenium Cope p. 431
2006Hipparion primigenium Pesquero et al. p. 350
2008Hippotherium primigenium Alroy

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeHipparionini
genusHippotheriumKaup 1832
speciesprimigenium(von Meyer 1829)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Hippotherium primigenium von Meyer 1829
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubf
Diet: grazersubf
Diet 2: browsersubf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 14:56:53
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:56:53
Source: subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, MacFadden 1998

Age range: base of the Sarmatian to the top of the Piacenzian or 12.80000 to 2.58000 Ma

Collections (28 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.04 - 5.333India (Madhya Pradesh) Equus primigenius (232179)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Pakistan Equus primigenius (232178)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.98 - 5.333Spain (Catalonia) Hippotherium primigenium (199537)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246France (Maine-et-Loire) Hipparion primigenium (54136)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Ethiopia Hipparion primigenium (22157)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Tunisia (Gafsa) Hipparion primigenium (35277 35279 35280)
Sarmatian12.8 - 11.63Türkiye Hipparion primigenium (56563)
Vallesian11.63 - 8.725Iraq Hipparion primigenium (41735)
Vallesian11.63 - 8.725Spain (Segovia) Hipparion primigenium (40768)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Algeria Hipparion primigenium (34642 34643)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333South Africa Hipparion primigenium (22219)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Morocco Hippotherium primigenium (210194)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Kenya Hippotherium primigenium (22241)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6Ethiopia Hipparion primigenium (22158)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22236)
MN 911.1 - 9.67Slovakia Hippotherium primigenium (69718)
MN 109.67 - 8.725Türkiye (Thrace) Hippotherium primigenium (67661 67662)
MN 109.67 - 8.725Slovakia Hippotherium primigenium (69717)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.58Kenya Hippotherium primigenium (22237)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.58Kenya (Turkana District) Hipparion primigenium (21332)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22234)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) Hipparion primigenium (21336)
Zanclean - Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22282)
Piacenzian - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22238)