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Osteoglossomorpha

Actinopteri

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1966Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al. p. 351
1994Osteoglossomorpha Guo-Qing and Wilson
1997Osteoglossomorpha Li et al.
2000Osteoglossomorpha Newbrey and Bozek p. 13
2006Osteoglossomorpha Nelson
2010Osteoglossomorpha Bogan et al. p. 165
2010Osteoglossomorpha Murray et al.
2013Osteoglossomorpha Betancur et al.
2014Osteoglossomorpha Bannikov p. 25
2016Osteoglossomorpha Nelson et al. p. 153
2019Osteoglossomorpha Ebersole et al. p. 164

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
RankNameAuthor
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—Osteoglossocephalai
—Osteoglossocephala
superorderOsteoglossomorpha
superorderOsteoglossomorpha

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966
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G. †Chandlerichthys Grande 1986
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G. †Eohiodon Cavender 1966
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†Eohiodon rosei Hussakof 1916
†Eohiodon woodruffi Wilson 1978
G. Hiodon Guo-Qing and Wilson 1994
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†Hiodon consteniorum Guo-Qing and Wilson 1994
G. †Tanichthys Jin 1991
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G. †Joffrichthys Li and Wilson 1996
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†Joffrichthys symmetropterus Li and Wilson 1996
†Joffrichthys tanyourus Murray et al. 2018
†Joffrichthys triangulpterus Newbrey and Bozek 2000
Or. Osteoglossiformes Berg 1940
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G. Arapaima Lundberg and Chernoff 1992
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Arapaima gigas Lundberg and Chernoff 1992
G. †Thrissopterus Heckel 1856
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†Thrissopterus catullii Heckel 1856
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G. †Foreyichthys Taverne 1979
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†Foreyichthys bolcensis Taverne 1979
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G. Gymnarchus Cuvier 1829 [aba knifefish]
G. †Lopadichthys Murray et al. 2018
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†Lopadichthys colwellae Murray et al. 2018
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G. †Aokiichthys Yabumoto 1994
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†Aokiichthys changae Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys otai Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys praedorsalis Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys toriyamai Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys uyenoi Yabumoto 1994
G. †Changichthys Su 1991
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G. †Yungkangichthys Chang and Chou 1974
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†Yungkangichthys hsitanensis Chang and Chou 1974
†Yungkangichthys macrodon Yabumoto 1994
G. †Monopteros Volta 1796
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†Monopteros gigas Volta 1796
Fm. Notopteridae [knifefish]
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G. †Notopterus Lacepede 1800
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†Notopterus primaevus Gunther 1876
Invalid names: Notopterinae [empty], Xenomystinae [empty]
G. †Opsithrissops Daniltshenko 1968
Fm. Osteoglossidae Bonaparte 1832 [arowana]
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G. †Dapedoglossus Cope 1877
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†Dapedoglossus testis Cope 1877
G. Heterotis Rüppell 1828 [African arowana]
Subfm. Osteoglossinae Nelson 1968
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G. †Brychaetus Agassiz 1845
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†Brychaetus muelleri Woodward 1901
G. †Cretophareodus Lim 1996
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G. †Phareodus Leidy 1873
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†Phareodus acutus Leidy 1873
†Phareodus encaustus Cope 1871
†Phareodus testis Cope 1877
G. †Singida Greenwood and Patterson 1967
G. †Taverneichthys Kumar et al. 2005
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†Taverneichthys bikanericus Kumar et al. 2005
G. †Scleropages Gunther 1864
Invalid names: Heterodontinae [empty], Heterotidinae Nelson 1968 [empty]
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Fm. Pantodontidae Peters 1876
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G. †Capassopiscis Taverne 2022
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†Capassopiscis pankowskii Taverne 2022
G. †Palaeopantodon Taverne 2021
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G. †Pankowskipiscis Taverne 2021
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G. †Petersichthys Taverne 2021
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†Petersichthys libanicus Taverne 2021
G. †Prognathoglossum Taverne and Capasso 2012
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†Prognathoglossum kalassyi Taverne and Capasso 2012
Invalid names: Clupisudidae [empty]
G. †Tongxinichthys Ma 1980
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Fm. †Wakinoichthiidae Yabumoto 1994
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G. †Wakinoichthys Yabumoto 1994
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†Wakinoichthys aokii Yabumoto 1994
†Wakinoichthys robustus Yabumoto 1994
G. Wilsonichthys Murray et al. 2016
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Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis Murray et al. 2016
G. †Xixiaichthys Zhang 2004
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Invalid names: Mormyridae [empty], Saurocephalidae [empty]
G. †Shuleichthys Murray et al. 2010
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†Shuleichthys brachypteryx Murray et al. 2010
Invalid names: Lycopteriformes [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2004-08-17 14:52:40
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:42
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
Reference: Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bathonian to the top of the Holocene or 168.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 166.1 Ma

Collections (156 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Paleozoic - Mesozoic538.8 - 66.0USA (washington) Phareodus sp. (236495)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Morocco (Figuig) Osteoglossiformes indet. (176120)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian150.8 - 140.2Morocco (Figuig) Osteoglossiformes indet. (204918 204936)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian150.8 - 140.2Morocco (Oriental) Osteoglossiformes indet. (45726)
Berriasian - Valanginian145.0 - 132.9China (Shandong) Tanichthys ningjiagouensis (47070)
Neocomian145.0 - 125.77Japan (Fukuoka) Aokiichthys sp., Aokiichthys toriyamai, Aokiichthys changae, Aokiichthys otai, Aokiichthys uyenoi, Aokiichthys praedorsalis (145243) Wakinoichthys aokii (145246) Wakinoichthys aokii, Wakinoichthys robustus (145244) Yungkangichthys macrodon, Wakinoichthys aokii (145245)
Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0China Xixiaichthys tongxiensis (117997)
Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0China (NingXia) Tongxinichthys microdus (119465)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian130.0 - 122.46China (Liaoning) Changichthys dalinghensis (126448)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Japan (Ishikawa) Osteoglossidae indet. (32324)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0China (Gansu) Shuleichthys brachypteryx (135813)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0South Korea (Kyongsangnam-do) Wakinoichthys aokii (144935)
Cenomanian - Campanian100.5 - 72.1Tanzania (Mbeya) Osteoglossomorpha indet. (46888 100215)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Alaska) Chandlerichthys strickeri (84475)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Lebanon Capassopiscis pankowskii, Petersichthys libanicus, Pankowskipiscis haqelensis, Palaeopantodon vandersypeni (221948)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Canada (Nunavut) Osteoglossomorpha indet. (45559)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Lebanon Prognathoglossum kalassyi (221170)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Utah) Hiodontidae indet. (14385)
Late/Upper Santonian85.8 - 83.5Canada (Alberta) Hiodontidae indet., Wilsonichthys sp. (14425 14426 14428 190345) Wilsonichthys sp. (190344)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Sudan (Ash Shamaliyah) Osteoglossidae indet. (38682)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Hiodontidae indet. (22695 22698 98674) Osteoglossomorpha indet. 2 (22696) Osteoglossomorpha indet. 2, Hiodontidae indet. (22697)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Utah) Hiodontidae indet. (75836)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Saskatchewan) Cretophareodus sp., Hiodontidae indet. (229975)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Osteoglossidae indet. (74660)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Brazil (São Paulo) Osteoglossidae indet. (57000)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India (Madhya Pradesh) Phareodus sp. (226125) Phareodus sp., Osteoglossidae indet. (75493)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mali Brychaetus sp. (114954)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Phareodus sp. (58100 222693)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Montana) Osteoglossomorpha indet., Wilsonichthys sp. (227221)
Maastrichtian - Danian72.1 - 61.6Bolivia Brychaetus sp. (123343)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Osteoglossomorpha indet., Hiodontidae indet. small morph, Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis (14631)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Osteoglossomorpha indet., Hiodontidae indet. small morph, Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis, Lopadichthys sp. (14519)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Osteoglossomorpha indet. (14568) Osteoglossomorpha indet., Hiodontidae indet. small morph, Hiodontidae indet. large morph, Wilsonichthys sp., Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis (14549) Osteoglossomorpha indet., Hiodontidae indet. small morph, Hiodontidae indet. large morph, Wilsonichthys sp., Wilsonichthys sp. (144502) Osteoglossomorpha indet., Hiodontidae indet. small morph, Wilsonichthys sp., Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis (144499 144500 192242 192247)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Bolivia (Cochabamba) Heterotidinae indet. (12855)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Notopterus nolfi, Scleropages intertrappus (122240) Phareodus sp. (153368) Phareodus sp., Osteoglossidarum intertrappus, Osteoglossidae indet., Notopteridae indet. (27014)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Osteoglossomorpha indet., Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis (190346)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Spain (Valencia) Osteoglossidae indet. (47035)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene70.6 - 61.7India (Madhya Pradesh) Osteoglossidae indet. (226992)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Mexico (Chiapas) Phareodus sp. (190739)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Greenland Osteoglossidae indet. (206772)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Bolivia (Mizque) Phareodus sp., Eohiodon sp. (13501)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0India (Rajasthan) Taverneichthys bikanericus (192265)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Canada (Alberta) Joffrichthys sp. (24926)
Paleocene - Eocene66.0 - 33.9Mali Brychaetus sp. (202361)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Lopadichthys sp., Osteoglossomorpha indet. (22732)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Niger Brychaetus muelleri (229530)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8Canada (Alberta) Lopadichthys colwellae, Joffrichthys tanyourus (191920) Osteoglossomorpha indet. (133214)
Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene58.7 - 48.6India Osteoglossidae indet. (91316)
Clarkforkian56.2 - 54.9USA (North Dakota) Joffrichthys triangulpterus (21372)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Italy Foreyichthys bolcensis, Thrissopterus catullii, Monopteros gigas (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Maryland ) Brychaetus muelleri (124192)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Mali (Gao) Brychaetus sp. (175262)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Canada (British Columbia) Eohiodon woodruffi (113148 119857)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Gujarat) Osteoglossiformes indet. (71438)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3USA (Alabama) Osteoglossidae indet. (81179 209524)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Phareodus encaustus (134736) Phareodus testis (134737)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Montana) Hiodon consteniorum (134348)
Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene56.0 - 28.4USA (Oregon) Hiodon sp. (227073)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Brychaetus muelleri (15595)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Phareodus sp. (74615) Phareodus sp., Eohiodon sp. (74617)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6USA (Mississippi) Brychaetus muelleri (164192)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Phareodus sp. (182921)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3United Kingdom (England) Brychaetus sp. (41888)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Alabama) Osteoglossidae indet. (81224)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Pakistan Osteoglossidae indet. (125084)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Washington) Eohiodon woodruffi (189960 189961)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Pakistan (North-West Frontier) Osteoglossidae indet. (28978)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Tanzania Osteoglossomorpha indet., Singida jacksonoides (31499)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Canada (British Columbia) Eohiodon rosei (192126)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene47.8 - 33.9Libya (Sirt) Gymnarchus sp. (175361 175362 187328)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Alabama) Osteoglossidae indet. (209520)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Brychaetus sp. (75638)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Oman (Dhofar) Osteoglossidae indet. (175334) Osteoglossiformes indet. (162464)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (South Carolina) Osteoglossidae indet. (60444 224900)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Kenya Mormyridae indet., Osteoglossidae indet. (174672)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Australia (Queensland) Scleropages leichardti (227021)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22217 22245 22247 22398 22400 22405 22433 22457)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Colombia (Huila) Arapaima gigas (186568)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Peru (Loreto) Osteoglossiformes indet. (224008 224009 224010) Osteoglossiformes indet., Osteoglossoidei indet. (224007)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Brazil (Acre) Osteoglossidae indet. (55602)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22241)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22358 22443)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.608 - 3.6Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22345)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad Gymnarchus sp. (59839)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22242)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21510) Gymnarchus sp. (22338) Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22240)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22265)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Kenya Gymnarchus sp. (22239) Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22235)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Gymnarchus sp. (22346)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia Gymnarchus sp. (21546)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21425)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Ethiopia Gymnarchus sp. (21545)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21398 21478 21486 21504 21537) Gymnarchus sp. (21420)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21367 21421 21495 21498)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Saudi Arabia Osteoglossiformes indet. (48858)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Gymnarchus sp. (22098)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21368)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Niger Gymnarchus niloticus, Heterotis niloticus (83304) Mormyridae indet., Heterotis niloticus (83305)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) Hiodon tergisus (224189)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan Mormyridae indet. (21871)