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Esociformes

Osteichthyes - Esociformes

Taxonomy
Esociformes is an order. It is extant.

It was assigned to Neognathi by Grande (1999); to Protacanthopterygii by Nelson (2006), Long (2011), Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016); and to Protacanthopterygii by van der Laan (2019).

Subtaxa
Esocidae, Palaeoesocidae, Umbridae
Entered
by J. Alroy on 2007-01-13; modified by G. Lloyd on 2013-04-30

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1999Esociformes Grande
2006Esociformes Nelson
2011Esociformes Long p. 243
2013Esociformes Betancur et al.
2016Esociformes Nelson et al. p. 248
2019Esociformes van der Laan p. 68

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassActinopterygii()
RankNameAuthor
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—Protacanthopterygii()
orderEsociformes
orderEsociformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Fm. Esocidae Cuvier 1817
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G. †Archaeosiilik Brinkman et al. 2025
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†Archaeosiilik gilmulli Brinkman et al. 2025
G. Esox Linnaeus 1758 [pike]
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†Esox lepidotus Agassiz 1832
Esox masquinongy Mitchill 1824
†Esox moldavicus Trelea 1977
†Esox monasteriensis von der Marck 1863
†Esox otto Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Kenoza Grande 1999 [empty]
G. †Estesesox Wilson et al. 1992
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†Estesesox foxi Wilson et al. 1992
G. †Nunikuluk Brinkman et al. 2025
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†Nunikuluk gracilis Brinkman et al. 2025
G. †Oldmanesox Wilson et al. 1992
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Oldmanesox canadensis Wilson et al. 1992
G. Planesox Owen 1854
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Planesox vorax Owen 1854
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G. Dallia Bean 1880 [blackfish]
G. Novumbra Schultz 1929
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Novumbra oregonensis Cavender 1969
G. Umbra Gronovius 1763
G. †Umbridarum Unknown
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†Umbridarum ringeadei Steurbaut 1979
Invalid names: Palaeoesocidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: planktonicp
Diet: suspension feederp
Created: 2009-07-20 21:50:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:54
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Bambach et al. 2007

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Santonian to the top of the Holocene or 85.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma

Collections (130 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Estesesox foxi (227222)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Canada (Alberta) Estesesox foxi (14425 14428 190344 190345)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Estesesox foxi (227223 227224)
Judithian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Estesesox foxi (14463)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Estesesox sp., Estesesox foxi (75836)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Germany Esox monasteriensis (221717)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Estesesox foxi (22697 34302 34305 34309 34315 34320 34322 45238 45671 45674 45822 45892 45893 45897 45898 47784 47793 47812 67893 67894) Estesesox foxi, Nunikuluk gracilis (34307) Nunikuluk gracilis (146196) Oldmanesox sp. (98674 98677)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Colorado) Estesesox foxi (277550)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Alaska) Oldmanesox canadensis (240913) Oldmanesox canadensis, Archaeosiilik gilmulli (14495) Oldmanesox canadensis, Archaeosiilik gilmulli, Nunikuluk gracilis (231243 231244)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Estesesox foxi (45560 45561 45564 45565 45566 45567 45670 45820)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Saskatchewan) Esocidae indet. (14494)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Estesesox foxi (45819 45821 45894)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Estesesox foxi (55363) Estesesox sp. (135741) Oldmanesox sp. (135743)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Estesesox sp. (14519) Platacodon nanus (14566)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Estesesox foxi (14508 14549 14582 14615) Estesesox sp. (144499 144500 192242 192247) Estesesox sp., Estesesox foxi (14568 144502)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Estesesox sp. (14631)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Esociformes indet. (190346)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Estesesox foxi (227221)
Pu166.0 - 63.4USA (Montana) Estesesox sp., Esox sp. (14761 14798 231045)
Pu266.0 - 63.4Canada (Saskatchewan) Esox sp. (14764)
Pu366.0 - 63.4USA (Montana) Esox sp. (14738 183113 241688)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Canada (Alberta) Esox tiemani (24926)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0Canada (Alberta) Esox tiemani (133214)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1Canada (Northwest Territories) Esox sp. (15583)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene56.0 - 37.71Canada (Northwest Territory) Esocidae indet. (190390)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (Utah) Esocidae indet. (16877)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Esox kronneri (133992)
MP 2133.9 - 27.3Czechia Esox waltschanus (184466)
MP 2333.9 - 27.3Switzerland (Canton Jura) Umbra sp., Esox sp. (183544)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04USA (Oregon) Novumbra oregonensis (222667 222668)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Kazakhstan (Aktyubinsk) Esox aralensis (175920)
MP 3027.3 - 23.04Germany (North Rhine-Westfalia) Esox papyraceus (84606)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Greece (Aegean) Esocidae indet. (207609)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Esox sp. (18284)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Austria Esox sp. (174067)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Germany (Bavaria) Esocidae indet. (34256) Esox sp. (206345)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Türkiye (Yalova) Esox sp. (184470)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Moldova Esox sp. (152254)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Canada (Yukon) Esox sp. (206138)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333USA (Alaska) Dallia sp. (222669)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') Esox sp. (174455)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Moldova Esox sp. (198590)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Ukraine Esox lucius (76503)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') Esox sp. (39409)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) Esox lucius (199747)
Villafranchian3.55 - 1.8Hungary (Fejer) Esox lucius (35374)
Villafranchian3.55 - 1.8Slovakia Esox sp. (41026)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.58 - 0.129United Kingdom (England) Esox lucius (49993 49994 49995 49996 49997)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Esox sp. (227368)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774USA (Florida) Esox sp. (20402)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Turkmenistan Esox sp. (40695)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom Esox lucius (34981)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom (England) Esox lucius (58421 78010 78015)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Czechia Esox lucius (36219)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom (Norfolk) Esox lucius (49816)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Hungary (Budapest) Esox lucius (35474)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (Michigan) Esox sp. (70130)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Esox americanus (103991)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Illinois) Esox sp. (93209)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Esox lucius (63150) Esox masquinongy (200325)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) Esox masquinongy (224189)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Esox lucius (228921)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Estonia Esox lucius (195026)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Esox lucius (171637)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Georgia) Esox sp. (152113)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Esox sp. (227371)