PBDB Taxon

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Polyglyphanodontidae

Reptilia - Polyglyphanodontidae

Taxonomy

Polyglyphanodontidae was named by Gilmore (1942). Its type is Polyglyphanodon.

It was synonymized subjectively with Teiidae by Kuhn (1966); it was reranked as the subfamily Polyglyphanodontinae by Estes (1983), McCord (1998), Nydam (1999), Gao and Norell (2000), Nydam et al. (2007).

It was assigned to Ascalabota by Gilmore (1942); to Scincomorpha by Sulimski (1975); to Teiidae by Estes (1983), McCord (1998), Nydam (1999), Gao and Norell (2000); to Borioteiioidea by Nydam et al. (2007); to Macroteiida by Xu et al. (2014); and to Polyglyphanodontia by Reeder et al. (2015).

Subtaxa

Adamisaurus, Bicuspidon, Cherminsaurus, Darchansaurus, Distortodon, Erdenetesaurus, Gilmoreteius (syn. Macrocephalosaurus), Gobinatus, Paraglyphanodon, Polyglyphanodon (type genus), Polyglyphanodontini, Sineoamphisbaena, Tchingisaurus, Tuberocephalosaurinae

Synonyms

Adamisauridae was named by Sulimski (1972).

It was synonymized subjectively with Polyglyphanodontidae by Estes (1983).

It was assigned to Scincomorpha by Sulimski (1972), Alifanov (2000).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1942	Polyglyphanodontidae Gilmore p. 230
1972	Adamisauridae Sulimski
1975	Polyglyphanodontidae Sulimski p. 77
1983	Polyglyphanodontinae Estes
1998	Polyglyphanodontinae McCord p. 285
1999	Polyglyphanodontinae Nydam p. 307
2000	Adamisauridae Alifanov p. 376
2000	Polyglyphanodontinae Gao and Norell p. 52
2007	Polyglyphanodontinae Nydam et al. p. 540
2014	Polyglyphanodontidae Xu et al.
2015	Polyglyphanodontidae Reeder et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
—	Squamata	()
—	Scincomorpha	()
—	Polyglyphanodontia	Alifanov 2000
family	Polyglyphanodontidae	Gilmore 1942
family	Polyglyphanodontidae	Gilmore 1942

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Polyglyphanodontidae Gilmore 1942

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G. †Adamisaurus Sulimski 1972

†Adamisaurus magnidentatus Sulimski 1972

G. †Bicuspidon Nydam and Cifelli 2002

†Bicuspidon hatzegiensis Folie and Codrea 2005

†Bicuspidon hogreli Vullo and Rage 2018

†Bicuspidon numerosus Nydam and Cifelli 2002

†Bicuspidon smikros Nydam 2013

G. †Cherminsaurus Sulimski 1975

†Cherminsaurus kozlowskii Sulimski 1975

†Cherminsaurus tereschenkoi Alifanov 2000

G. †Darchansaurus Sulimski 1975

†Darchansaurus estesi Sulimski 1975

G. †Distortodon Makadi 2013

†Distortodon rhomboideus Makadi 2013

G. †Erdenetesaurus Sulimski 1975

†Erdenetesaurus robinsonae Sulimski 1975

G. †Gilmoreteius Langer 1998

†Gilmoreteius chulsanensis Sulimski 1975

†Gilmoreteius ferrugenous Gilmore 1943

†Gilmoreteius gilmorei Sulimski 1975

Invalid names: Macrocephalosaurus Gilmore 1943 [replaced]

G. †Gobinatus Alifanov 1993

†Gobinatus arenosus Alifanov 1993

G. †Paraglyphanodon Gilmore 1940

†Paraglyphanodon gazini Gilmore 1943

†Paraglyphanodon utahensis Gilmore 1940

G. †Polyglyphanodon Gilmore 1940

†Polyglyphanodon sternbergi Gilmore 1940

Unr. †Polyglyphanodontini Nydam et al. 2007

G. †Dicothodon Nydam 1999

†Dicothodon bajaensis Nydam 1999

†Dicothodon cifellii Nydam et al. 2007

†Dicothodon moorensis Nydam 1999

G. †Sineoamphisbaena Wu et al. 1993

†Sineoamphisbaena hexatabularis Wu et al. 1993

G. †Tchingisaurus Alifanov 1993

†Tchingisaurus multivagus Alifanov 1993

Subfm. †Tuberocephalosaurinae Alifanov 2000

G. †Aprisaurus Alifanov 2000

†Aprisaurus bidentatus Alifanov 2000

G. †Funiusaurus Xu et al. 2014

†Funiusaurus luanchuanensis Xu et al. 2014

G. †Gobileon Alifanov 2000

†Gobileon emersoculatus Alifanov 2000

G. †Tianyusaurus Lü et al. 2008

†Tianyusaurus zhengi Lü et al. 2008

G. †Tuberocephalosaurus Alifanov 2000

†Tuberocephalosaurus pompabilis Alifanov 2000

Invalid names: Adamisauridae Sulimski 1972 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
A. Sulimski 1975	Dental formula pm2-3+m18/d18-19. Skull triangular in outline, deep, anteroposteriorly elongated with slightly tapering snout. Cheek teeth morphology variable – crowns transversely expanded, diagonally arranged to the longitudinal jaw axis or normally situated with latero-medial flattening. Cutting edges transverse, harp or with 5-6 or more, low, bluntly pointed cusps. Tooth replacement of agamid or iguanid type. Subacrodont, subpleurodont to pleurodont implantation. Resorption pits at tooth bases poorly or well developed. Anterior teeth small, conical with round shafts, unicuspid and bluntly pointed. Canine-like teeth in maxilla absent. Posterior cheek teeth reduced in size. Premaxilla and parietal, and sometimes frontals, fused. Nasals anteroposteriorly elongated, nearly rectangular or triangular in shape. Frontals strap shaped of almost equal width for their whole length, relatively short or widened posteriorly and narrowed anteriorly, sculptured. Lateral descending ridges of frontals low. Parietal very short, wide, transversely constricted or long, widened anteriorly. Parietal foramen in fronto-parietal suture or in parietal bone. Naso-prefrontal region not expanded. Prefrontal and postfrontal not in contact above the orbit. Lacrimal small with one foramen. Maxilla deep, triangular in shape, slightly sloping dorsally toward the midline. Contact between maxilla and frontal absent. Jugal with long, sharply pointed postero-ventral spur or with short, bluntly ended tuber. Postfrontal trapezoidal in shape or with proximally and distally forked processes. Postorbital arch composed by postfrontal and antero-dorsal part of postorbital or by post-frontal only. Postorbital with short, wide posterior process not-extending to posterior end of supratemporal fossa. Squamosal long, dorsoventrally deep and with squarely truncate posterior end or wide, short and triangular in shape. Supratemporal bone small, squamous, or completely reduced. Supratemporal fossa relatively large and roughly triangular. Vomeronasal organ separated. Vomers, palatines and pterygoids toothless. Suborbital fenestra reduced in size, small and anteroposteriorly elongated. Lower jaw strong, slender, not high in angular region. Surangular short and deep. Diagonal external ridge on surangular present. Splenial large, almost completely covers the Meckelian groove. Coronoid process high with the top decidedly or slightly backwards bending. Retroarticular process wide and massive. Vertebrae procoelous with tapering centra. Zygospheno-zygantral articulation present. 8 cervicals and 21 presacrals. Autotomy septa present. Clavicles not expanded, perforated. Interclavicle cruciform .with bifurcated anterior process. Ilium with rectangular upper extremity. Ischium and pubis iguanid-Iike in structure. Limbs moderately long. Osteodermal structures not present.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Created:

2017-04-17 15:15:35

Modified:

2017-04-17 15:15:35

Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Cenomanian to the top of the Maastrichtian or 100.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (52 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Utah)	Bicuspidon numerosus (14398 14400 14401 14403 14405 23501) Bicuspidon numerosus, Polyglyphanodontinae indet., Polyglyphanodontinae indet. (14399) Teiidae indet. (14396 14407)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet)	Bicuspidon hogreli (196796)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Utah)	Bicuspidon smikros (14385 73433)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Campanian	100.5 - 72.2	USA (Utah)	Dicothodon sp. (181360)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Utah)	Dicothodon cifellii (75848) Dicothodon sp. (14415)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Utah)	Dicothodon cifellii (14416)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Hungary (Veszprém)	Distortodon rhomboideus, Bicuspidon hatzegiensis (48722)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Adamisaurus magnidentatus (68519 68520 68521 68522 68523) Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Tchingisaurus multivagus (45329)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov Aimak)	Macrocephalosaurus sp., Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Gobinatus arenosus (37184)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mexico (Baja California)	Dicothodon bajaensis (195102 195103 195104 195105 197021) Polyglyphanodon bajaensis (14456 231484)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Adamisaurus magnidentatus (37013 37016 51033) Macrocephalosaurus ferrugenous (46152)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	China (Nei Mongol)	Adamisaurus magnidentatus (118301 118302) Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Sineoamphisbaena hexatabularis (118300)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Erdenetesaurus robinsonae (28243) Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Erdenetesaurus robinsonae, Cherminsaurus kozlowskii (62914) Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Macrocephalosaurus chulsanensis, Macrocephalosaurus gilmorei (13776) Gobileon emersoculatus, Cherminsaurus tereschenkoi (118256) Gobinatus arenosus, Tchingisaurus multivagus (11582) Macrocephalosaurus chulsanensis (189007) Macrocephalosaurus chulsanensis, Gobinatus arenosus (62913) Macrocephalosaurus gilmorei, Darchansaurus estesi, Cherminsaurus kozlowskii (13777)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogovi)	Aprisaurus bidentatus, Tuberocephalosaurus pompabilis, Macrocephalosaurus sulimskii (58105)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Utah)	Paraglyphanodon utahensis, Paraglyphanodon gazini, Lacertilia indet. (45721)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Romania (Hunedoara)	Bicuspidon hatzegiensis (48445)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	China (Henan)	Funiusaurus luanchuanensis (166883) Tianyusaurus zhengi (84996)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	China (Jiangxi)	Tianyusaurus zhengi (114966)