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Synechodus
Taxonomy
Synechodus was named by Woodward (1888) [Sepkoski's age data: K Apti T Dani Sepkoski's reference number: 884]. It is not extant.
It was assigned to Cestraciontidae by Woodward (1889), Chapman (1918), Leriche (1942); to Notidanidae by Casier (1958); to Heterodontidae by Jordan (1963); to Synechodontidae by Herman (1977), Case (1978); to Palaeoniscidae by Delsate and Godefroit (1995); to Galeomorphii by Sepkoski (2002); to Synechodontiformes by Duffin (1998), Underwood et al. (1999), Delsate (2003); to Paleospinacidae by Underwood (2002), Ginter et al. (2010); and to Palaeospinacidae by Cappetta (1975), Müller and Diedrich (1991), Duffin and Ward (1993), Johns (1997), Underwood and Mitchell (1999), Rees (2000), Peng et al. (2001), Delsate et al. (2002), Kriwet (2003), Underwood (2004), Yamagishi (2004), Underwood and Ward (2004), Rees (2005), Ivanov (2005), Klug (2008), Guinot et al. (2013), Guinot et al. (2014), Siversson et al. (2015), Siversson and Machalski (2017), Cappetta et al. (2019), Hoganson et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Cestraciontidae by Woodward (1889), Chapman (1918), Leriche (1942); to Notidanidae by Casier (1958); to Heterodontidae by Jordan (1963); to Synechodontidae by Herman (1977), Case (1978); to Palaeoniscidae by Delsate and Godefroit (1995); to Galeomorphii by Sepkoski (2002); to Synechodontiformes by Duffin (1998), Underwood et al. (1999), Delsate (2003); to Paleospinacidae by Underwood (2002), Ginter et al. (2010); and to Palaeospinacidae by Cappetta (1975), Müller and Diedrich (1991), Duffin and Ward (1993), Johns (1997), Underwood and Mitchell (1999), Rees (2000), Peng et al. (2001), Delsate et al. (2002), Kriwet (2003), Underwood (2004), Yamagishi (2004), Underwood and Ward (2004), Rees (2005), Ivanov (2005), Klug (2008), Guinot et al. (2013), Guinot et al. (2014), Siversson et al. (2015), Siversson and Machalski (2017), Cappetta et al. (2019), Hoganson et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2022).
Species
Hybodus bronnii, S. antiquus, S. clarki, S. dereki, S. dubrisiensis (syn. S. michaeli), S. duffini, S. egertoni, S. faxensis, S. filipi, S. incrementum, S. kessleri, S. lerichei, S. levis, S. multinodosus, S. nitidus, S. paludinensis, S. plicatus, S. prorogatus, S. rhaeticus, S. riegrafi, S. rotheliusi, S. seinstedtensis, S. streitzi, S. subulatus, S. subulatus, S. sulcatus, S. tenuis, S. triangulus, S. turneri, S. ungeri, S. validus, S. volaticus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1845 | Hybodus bronnii Reuss |
| 1888 | Synechodus Woodward |
| 1889 | Synechodus Woodward p. 325 |
| 1918 | Synechodus Chapman p. 5 |
| 1942 | Synechodus Leriche p. 27 |
| 1958 | Synechodus Casier p. 15 |
| 1963 | Synechodus Jordan p. 596 |
| 1975 | Synechodus Cappetta p. 117 |
| 1977 | Synechodus Herman p. 26 |
| 1978 | Synechodus Case p. 184 |
| 1991 | Synechodus Müller and Diedrich p. 46 |
| 1993 | Synechodus Duffin and Ward p. 58 |
| 1995 | Synechodus Delsate and Godefroit p. 28 |
| 1997 | Synechodus Johns p. 33 |
| 1998 | Synechodus Duffin p. 250 |
| 1999 | Synechodus Underwood et al. p. 290 |
| 1999 | Synechodus Underwood and Mitchell |
| 2000 | Synechodus Rees p. 418 |
| 2001 | Synechodus Peng et al. p. 11 |
| 2002 | Synechodus Delsate et al. p. 12 |
| 2002 | Synechodus Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Synechodus Underwood |
| 2003 | Synechodus Delsate p. 21 |
| 2003 | Synechodus Kriwet p. 588 |
| 2004 | Synechodus Underwood p. 113 |
| 2004 | Synechodus Underwood and Ward p. 477 |
| 2004 | Synechodus Yamagishi p. 570 |
| 2005 | Synechodus Ivanov p. 134 |
| 2005 | Synechodus Rees p. 214 |
| 2008 | Synechodus Klug p. 231 |
| 2010 | Synechodus Ginter et al. p. 106 |
| 2013 | Synechodus Guinot et al. p. 594 |
| 2014 | Synechodus Guinot et al. p. 57 |
| 2015 | Synechodus Siversson et al. p. 264 |
| 2017 | Synechodus Siversson and Machalski p. 443 |
| 2019 | Synechodus Cappetta et al. p. 1168 |
| 2019 | Synechodus Hoganson et al. p. 31 |
| 2022 | Synechodus Ebersole et al. p. 376 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Synechodus Woodward 1888
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†Synechodus antiquus Ivanov 2005
†Synechodus clarki Eastman 1901
†Synechodus dereki Cappetta et al. 2019
†Synechodus duffini Underwood and Ward 2004
†Synechodus egertoni Woodward 1889
†Synechodus faxensis Davis 1890
†Synechodus filipi Siversson et al. 2015
†Synechodus incrementum Johns 1997
†Synechodus kessleri Sokolskyi and Guinot 2021
†Synechodus lerichei Herman 1977
†Synechodus levis Woodward 1889
†Synechodus multinodosus Johns 1997
†Synechodus nitidus Woodward 1912
†Synechodus paludinensis Delsate et al. 2002
†Synechodus plicatus Underwood 2002
†Synechodus prorogatus Kriwet 2003
†Synechodus rhaeticus Duffin 1982
†Synechodus riegrafi Thies 1983
†Synechodus rotheliusi Saugen et al. 2025
†Synechodus seinstedtensis Thies et al. 2014
†Synechodus streitzi Delsate et al. 2002
†Synechodus subulatus Rogovich 1861
†Synechodus subulatus Leriche 1951
†Synechodus sulcatus Davis 1888
†Synechodus tenuis Woodward 1889
†Synechodus triangulus Yamagishi 2004
†Synechodus turneri Case 1987
†Synechodus ungeri Klug 2009
†Synechodus validus Chapman 1918
†Synechodus volaticus Johns 1997
Invalid names: Hybodus bronnii Reuss 1845 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available