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Synechodontiformes
Taxonomy
Synechodontiformes was named by Duffin and Ward (1993).
It was assigned to Elasmobranchii by Underwood et al. (1999); to Squalea by Delsate (2003); to Squalea by Delsate et al. (2002), Underwood and Ward (2004); to Squalomorphii by Duffin and Ward (1993), Johns (1997), Duffin (1998), Yamagishi (2004), Ginter et al. (2010); to Galeomorphi by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Neoselachii by Rees (2000), Underwood (2006), Stumpf and Kriwet (2019).
It was assigned to Elasmobranchii by Underwood et al. (1999); to Squalea by Delsate (2003); to Squalea by Delsate et al. (2002), Underwood and Ward (2004); to Squalomorphii by Duffin and Ward (1993), Johns (1997), Duffin (1998), Yamagishi (2004), Ginter et al. (2010); to Galeomorphi by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Neoselachii by Rees (2000), Underwood (2006), Stumpf and Kriwet (2019).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1993 | Synechodontiformes Duffin and Ward p. 56 |
1997 | Synechodontiformes Johns p. 33 |
1998 | Synechodontiformes Duffin p. 250 |
1999 | Synechodontiformes Underwood et al. p. 290 |
2000 | Synechodontiformes Rees p. 415 |
2002 | Synechodontiformes Delsate et al. p. 12 |
2003 | Synechodontiformes Delsate p. 9 |
2004 | Synechodontiformes Underwood and Ward p. 474 |
2004 | Synechodontiformes Yamagishi p. 570 |
2006 | Synechodontiformes Underwood p. 233 |
2010 | Synechodontiformes Ginter et al. p. 105 |
2016 | Synechodontiformes Nelson et al. p. 59 |
2019 | Synechodontiformes Stumpf and Kriwet p. 642 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Synechodontiformes Duffin and Ward 1993
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Fm. †Orthacodontidae de Beaumont 1960
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G. †Sphenodus Agassiz 1843
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†Lamna (Sphenodus) longidens Agassiz 1843
†Lamna (Sphenodus) plana Agassiz 1843
†Sphenodus alpinus Guembel 1861
†Sphenodus helveticus de Beaumont 1960
†Sphenodus longidens Agassiz 1843
†Sphenodus lundgreni Davis 1890
†Sphenodus nitidus Wagner 1862
†Sphenodus rectidens Emmons 1858
Invalid names: Orthacodus Woodward 1889 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Palaeospinacidae Regan 1906
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G. †Nemacanthus Agassiz 1836
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†Nemacanthus bosnensis Katzer 1916
†Nemacanthus elegans Evans 1904
†Nemacanthus filifer Agassiz 1836
†Nemacanthus minor Davis 1881
†Nemacanthus monilifer Agassiz 1836
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Invalid names: Desmacanthus cloacinus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
†Nemacanthus speciosus Winckler 1861
Invalid names: Desmacanthus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
G. †Palidiplospinax Klug and Kriwet 2008
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†Palidiplospinax enniskilleni Duffin and Ward 1993
†Palidiplospinax occultidens Duffin and Ward 1993
†Palidiplospinax smithwoodwardi Fraas 1896
G. †Synechodus Woodward 1888
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†Synechodus antiquus Ivanov 2005
†Synechodus clarki Eastman 1901
†Synechodus dereki Cappetta et al. 2019
†Synechodus duffini Underwood and Ward 2004
†Synechodus egertoni Woodward 1889
†Synechodus faxensis Davis 1890
†Synechodus filipi Siversson et al. 2015
†Synechodus incrementum Johns 1997
†Synechodus kessleri Sokolskyi and Guinot 2021
†Synechodus lerichei Herman 1977
†Synechodus levis Woodward 1889
†Synechodus multinodosus Johns 1997
†Synechodus nitidus Woodward 1912
†Synechodus paludinensis Delsate et al. 2002
†Synechodus plicatus Underwood 2002
†Synechodus prorogatus Kriwet 2003
†Synechodus rhaeticus Duffin 1982
†Synechodus riegrafi Thies 1983
†Synechodus rotheliusi Saugen et al. 2025
†Synechodus seinstedtensis Thies et al. 2014
†Synechodus streitzi Delsate et al. 2002
†Synechodus subulatus Leriche 1951
†Synechodus subulatus Rogovich 1861
†Synechodus sulcatus Davis 1888
†Synechodus tenuis Woodward 1889
†Synechodus triangulus Yamagishi 2004
†Synechodus turneri Case 1987
†Synechodus ungeri Klug 2009
†Synechodus validus Chapman 1918
†Synechodus volaticus Johns 1997
Invalid names: Hybodus bronnii Reuss 1845 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Palaeospinax Egerton 1872 [nomen dubium], Palaeospinax priscus Agassiz 1838 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Paraorthacodontidae Klug 2010
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G. †Paraorthacodus Glikman 1957
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†Paraorthacodus arduennae Delsate 2001
†Paraorthacodus conicus Davis 1890
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Invalid names: Paraorthacodus nerviensis Leriche 1929 [synonym]
†Paraorthacodus eocaenus Leriche 1902
†Paraorthacodus hesbayensis Casier 1943
†Paraorthacodus jurensis Schweizer 1964
†Paraorthacodus kruckowi Thies 1983
†Paraorthacodus recurvus Trautschold 1877
†Paraorthacodus rossi Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Rhomphaiodon Duffin 1993
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†Rhomphaiodon minor Agassiz 1837
†Rhomphaiodon nicolensis Duffin 1993
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available