PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Nannippus

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy

Hipparion (Nannippus) was named by Matthew (1926).

It was reranked as Nannippus by McGrew (1936), Stirton (1940), Quinn (1955), Skinner (1972), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Thurmond and Jones (1981), MacFadden (1984), Carroll (1988), Manning and MacFadden (1989), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Baskin (1991), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006), May (2019), Albright et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Hipparion by Matthew (1926); to Hippotheriini by Prothero and Schoch (1989); to Equinae by Manning and MacFadden (1989); to Equidae by McGrew (1936), Stirton (1940), Skinner (1972), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Thurmond and Jones (1981), MacFadden (1984), Carroll (1988), Albright et al. (2019); and to Hipparionini by Quinn (1955), Baskin (1991), Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006), May (2019).

Subtaxa

N. aztecus (syn. Hipparion minus, Hippotherium venustum), N. beckensis, N. lenticularis, N. morgani, N. peninsulatus (syn. N. hesperides, N. montezumae, Hipparion cragini, Equus phlegon, Equus minutus), N. westoni

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1926	Hipparion (Nannippus) Matthew
1936	Nannippus McGrew
1940	Nannippus Stirton p. 184
1955	Nannippus Quinn p. 63
1972	Nannippus Skinner p. 117
1980	Nannippus Kurten and Anderson p. 284
1981	Nannippus Thurmond and Jones p. 185
1984	Nannippus MacFadden p. 116
1988	Nannippus Carroll
1989	Nannippus Manning and MacFadden p. 37
1989	Nannippus Prothero and Schoch p. 532
1991	Nannippus Baskin p. 999
1995	Nannippus Kelly p. 26
1998	Nannippus MacFadden p. 548
2006	Nannippus Hulbert and Whitmore p. 15
2019	Nannippus Albright et al. p. 181
2019	Nannippus May

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
superfamily	Equoidea
family	Equidae
subfamily	Equinae
tribe	Hipparionini
genus	Nannippus	(Matthew 1926)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Nannippus Matthew 1926

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†Nannippus aztecus Mooser 1968

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Invalid names: Hipparion minus Sellards 1916 [synonym]

†Nannippus beckensis Dalquest and Donovan 1973

†Nannippus lenticularis Cope 1893

†Nannippus morgani Hulbert, Jr. 1993

†Nannippus peninsulatus Cope 1885

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Invalid names: Equus minutus Cope 1893 [synonym], Equus phlegon Hay 1899 [synonym], Hipparion cragini Hay 1917 [synonym], Nannippus hesperides Mooser 1968 [synonym], Nannippus montezumae Leidy 1882 [synonym]

†Nannippus westoni Simpson 1930

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
B. J. MacFadden 1984	Small, hypsodont, and gracile hipparion. Mean TRL ranges from 82.25 to 115.90 mm. Unworn or little-worn M1MSTHT ca. 37 - 66mm. Cheek teeth hypsodont to very hypsodont. Relatively elongate rostrum and post canine diastema. DPOF absent. Upper cheek teeth with oval protocones and moderately complex enamel plications on fossette borders. Lower cheek teeth with relatively deep ectoflexids, pli caballinids rudimentary or absent, widely separated metaconids and metastylids, protostylids poorly developed or absent, and P2 with relatively small anterior projection of the paralophid. Very elongate and relatively slender metapodials relative to body size. Nannippus differs from all other horses in a combination of the lack of DPOF (e.g., fig. 89), small size, relative hypsodonty as well as numerous dental characters. Nannippus also possibly differs from other horses in the lack of trapezium in the manus (see Discussion below).