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Clupeocephala

Osteichthyes - Acropomatiformes

Taxonomy
Clupeocephala was named by Patterson and Rosen (1977) [ranked as a cohort by Murray et al. 2005]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Elopocephala by Nolf and Dockery (1990); to Teleostei by Cavin (1999); to Osteoglossocephalai by Betancur et al. (2013); to Osteoglossocephala by Nelson et al. (2016); to Teleostei by de Figueiredo and Gallo (2004), Murray et al. (2005), Arratia (2015), van der Laan (2019); and to Teleocephala by Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).

Subtaxa
Beurlenichthys, Clupeomorpha, Euteleostei, Euteleosteomorpha, Lycoclupeidae, Otocephala, Otomorpha (syn. Ostarioclupeomorpha)
Sister taxa
Euteleostei, Euteleosteomorpha, Otocephala, Otomorpha (syn. Ostarioclupeomorpha)
Entered
by J. Alroy on 2011-05-07

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1977Clupeocephala Patterson and Rosen
1990Clupeocephala Nolf and Dockery III p. 5
1999Clupeocephala Cavin
2004Clupeocephala de Figueiredo and Gallo
2005Clupeocephala Murray et al.
2013Clupeocephala Betancur et al.
2015Clupeocephala Arratia p. 61
2016Clupeocephala Nelson et al. p. 160
2019Clupeocephala van der Laan p. 64
2024Clupeocephala Ebersole et al. p. 13
2025Clupeocephala Cicimurri et al. p. 80

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
orderAcropomatiformes
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Clupeocephala Patterson and Rosen 1977
show all | hide all
G. †Beurlenichthys de Figueiredo and Gallo 2004
Superor. Clupeomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966
+
Or. †Ellimmichthyiformes Grande 1982
+
Fm. †Armigatidae Murray and Wilson 2013
+
G. †Armigatus Grande 1982
+
†Armigatus alticorpus Forey et al. 2003
†Armigatus brevissimus de Blainville 1818
†Armigatus carrenoae Alvarado-Ortega et al. 2020
†Armigatus dalmaticus Murray et al. 2016
†Armigatus elatus Costa 1850
+
Invalid names: Histiurus serioloides Costa 1864 [synonym], Histiurus ventricosus Costa 1865 [synonym]
†Armigatus namourensis Forey et al. 2003
†Armigatus oligodentatus Vernygora and Murray 2015
†Armigatus plinii Marramà and Carnevale 2023
Invalid names: Histiurus Costa 1850 [nomen oblitum]
G. †Diplomystus Cope 1877
+
†Diplomystus altisomus Yabumoto 1994
†Diplomystus altus Leidy 1873
†Diplomystus birdi Woodward 1895
†Diplomystus coverhamensis Chapman 1918
†Diplomystus dartevellei Casier 1965
†Diplomystus dentatus Cope 1877
+
Invalid names: Diplomystus analis Cope 1877 [synonym], Diplomystus pectorosus Cope 1877 [synonym], Diplomystus theta Cope 1873 [synonym]
†Diplomystus dubertreti Signeux 1951
†Diplomystus primotinus Uyeno 1979
†Diplomystus vectensis Newton 1889
Invalid names: Copeichthys Dollo 1904 [objective synonym]
G. †Codoichthys Silva Santos 1994
+
†Codoichthys carnavalii Silva Santos 1994
G. †Guiclupea Chen et al. 2021
+
†Guiclupea superstes Chen et al. 2021
G. †Horseshoeichthys Newbrey et al. 2010
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†Horseshoeichthys armaserratus Newbrey et al. 2010
Fm. †Paraclupeidae Chang and Chou 1977
+
G. †Ellimichthys Jordan and Gilbert 1919
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†Ellimmichthys goodi Eastman 1912
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Invalid names: Diplomystus elberti Weiler 1922 [synonym], Ellimma guineensis Gayet 1989 [synonym]
G. †Eoellimmichthys Marramà et al. 2019
+
†Eoellimmichthys superstes Marramà et al. 2019
Subfm. †Paraclupeinae Chang and Chou 1977
+
G. †Ezkutuberezi Poyato-Ariza et al. 2000
G. †Paraclupea Sun 1956
G. †Rhombichthys Khalloufi et al. 2010
G. †Scutatoclupea Bannikov 2015
G. †Scutatuspinosus Silva Santos and Correa 1985
+
†Scutatuspinosus itapagipensis Silva Santos and Correa 1985
G. †Thorectichthys Murray and Wilson 2013
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†Thorectichthys fideli Than-Marchese et al. 2024
†Thorectichthys marocensis Murray and Wilson 2013
†Thorectichthys rhadinus Murray and Wilson 2013
G. †Triplomystus Forey et al. 2003
+
†Triplomystus noorae Forey et al. 2003
†Triplomystus oligoscutatus Forey et al. 2003
G. †Tycheroichthys Hay et al. 2007
+
†Tycheroichthys dunveganensis Hay et al. 2007
Invalid names: Ellimichthyidae Grande 1982 [synonym], Ellimmichthyinae [empty], Ellimminae [empty], Scutatuspinosinae Santos and Corréa 1985 [invalid subgroup], Thorectichthyinae [empty]
Fm. †Sorbinichthyidae Bannikov and Bacchia 2000
+
G. †Sorbinichthys Bannikov and Bacchia 2000
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†Sorbinichthys elusivo Bannikov and Bacchia 2000
Subor. †Sorbinichthyoidei Marramà and Carnevale 2017
+
Fm. †Gasteroclupeidae Signeux 1964
+
G. †Gasteroclupea Signeux 1964
Invalid names: Armigatoidei Murray and Wilson 2013 [empty], Ellimichthyoidei [empty]
G. †Leufuichthys Gallo et al. 2011
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†Leufuichthys minimus Gallo et al. 2011
G. †Ornategulum Forey 1973
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†Ornategulum sardinioides Pictet 1850
G. †Ranulfoichthys Alvarado-Ortega 2014
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†Ranulfoichthys dorsonudum Alvarado-Ortega 2014
G. †Scombroclupea Kner 1863
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†Scombroclupea diminuta Forey et al. 2003
†Scombroclupea gaudryi Pictet and Humbert 1866
†Scombroclupea javieri Than-Marchese et al. 2020
†Scombroclupea occidentalis Giersch et al. 2011
†Scombroclupea scutata Woodward 1908
Unr. Euteleostei Rosen 1973
+
G. †Avitosmerus Fielitz 2002
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†Avitosmerus canadensis Fielitz 2002
Fm. †Protostomiidae Arambourg 1943
+
G. †Pronotacanthus Woodward 1901
+
G. †Protostomias Arambourg 1933
+
†Protostomias maroccanus Arambourg 1943
G. †Santanasalmo Gallo et al. 2009
+
†Santanasalmo elegans Gallo et al. 2009
Invalid names: Lampridiomorpha [empty], Lamprimorpha [empty], Osmeromorpha [empty], Scopelomorpha [empty]
+
G. †Erichalcis Forey 1975
+
†Erichalcis arcta Forey 1975
†Erichalcis conspicua Hermus et al. 2004
+
+
Invalid names: Lepidogalaxiidae [empty]
Unr. Neoteleostei Rosen 1973
+
Or. Ateleopodiformes [jellynose fish]
+
Fm. Ateleopodidae Bonaparte 1850
+
G. Ateleopus Agassiz 1846
Unr. Eurypterygia Rosen 1973
+
Or. Alepisauriformes Regan 1911
+
Fm. †Cheirothricidae Woodward 1901
+
G. †Cheirothrix Pictet and Humbert 1866
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Invalid names: Megapus Schlüter 1868 [synonym], Megistopus Landois 1894 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cheirothrix Pictet and Humbert 1866 [valid]
+
Unr. Acanthomorphata Rosen 1973
+
Or. Aulopiformes Rosen 1973
Invalid names: Aulopa [empty], Cheirothricidae Woodward 1901 [empty]
Fm. †Thaumaturidae Voigt 1934
+
G. †Thaumaturus Reuss 1844
+
†Thaumaturus avitus Sytchevskaya 1986
Fm. Tomognathidae Jordan 1923
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G. †Tomognathus Agassiz 1850
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†Tomognathus leiodus Dixon 1850
†Tomognathus mordax Dixon 1850
Invalid names: Ateleopodia [empty]
Unr. Protacanthopterygii Greenwood et al. 1966
+
+
Fm. Argentinidae Bonaparte 1838
+
G. Argentina Linnaeus 1758
G. †Glossanodon Guichenot 1867
G. Nansenia Jordan and Evermann 1896
G. †Proargentina Danil'chenko 1960
G. †Protargentinolithus Schwarzhans 2003
+
G. Bathylagus Günther 1878
G. †Quaesita Jordan and Gilbert 1919
+
G. Dolichopteryx Brauer 1901
Invalid names: Argentinoidei Bertelsen 1958 [empty], Bathylagidae [empty]
Fm. †Bernardichthyidae Huddleston 1981
+
G. †Bernardichthys Huddleston 1981
+
Fm. Esocidae Cuvier 1817
+
G. †Archaeosiilik Brinkman et al. 2025
G. Esox Linnaeus 1758 [pike]
G. †Estesesox Wilson et al. 1992
G. †Nunikuluk Brinkman et al. 2025
G. †Oldmanesox Wilson et al. 1992
G. Planesox Owen 1854
+
G. †Boltyshia Sytchevskaya and Daniltshenko 1975
G. Dallia Bean 1880 [blackfish]
G. Novumbra Schultz 1929
G. Umbra Gronovius 1763
G. †Umbridarum Unknown
Invalid names: Palaeoesocidae [empty]
Fm. †Ferrifronsidae Arratia and Chorn 1998
+
G. †Acanthichthys Arratia and Chorn 1998
G. †Ferrifrons Jordan 1925
+
+
G. Galaxias Cuvier 1816
+
G. †Navidadichthys Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
Fm. †Orthogonikleithridae Arratia 1987
+
G. †Leptolepides Nybelin 1974
G. †Orthogonikleithrus Arratia 1987
+
†Orthogonikleithrus hoelli Arratia 1997
†Orthogonikleithrus leichi Arratia 1987
Or. Salmoniformes Bleeker 1859
+
G. †Barcarenichthys Gayet 1989
G. †Casieroides Taverne 1975
G. †Chardonius Taverne 1975
Subor. †Cimolichthyoidei Goody 1969
+
Fm. †Cimolichthyidae Goody 1969
Fm. †Prionolepididae Goody 1969
G. †Gharbouria Gayet 1988
G. †Goudkoffia David 1946
G. †Natlandia David 1946
G. Prosopium Jordan 1878
+
†Prosopium prolixus Smith 1975
G. †Pseudoleptolepis Taverne 1975
Fm. Salmonidae Cuvier 1816
+
G. †Helgolandichthys Taverne 1981
G. Hucho Guenther 1866
G. †Leptichthys Stewart 1899
G. Oncorhynchus Suckley 1860 [Pacific salmon]
G. Osmerus Forskal 1775
G. †Rhabdofario Cope 1870
G. Salmo Linnaeus 1758 [salmon]
G. †Salmonidarum Unknown
Subfm. Salmoninae Cuvier 1816
G. Salvelinus Richardson 1836
G. †Sivulliusalmo Brinkman et al. 2025
G. †Smilodonichthys Cavender and Miller 1972 [spike toothed salmon]
G. Thymallus Cuvier 1829
Invalid names: Esocoidea Bleeker 1859 [empty], Esocoidei Berg 1936 [empty], Myctophoidei [empty]
+
+
G. Allosmerus Hubbs 1925
+
Allosmerus elongatus Ayres 1854 [whitebait smelt]
G. †Carpathichthys Jerzmanska 1979
G. †Enoplophthalmus Sauvage 1880
G. Maulisia Parr 1960
G. †Nybelinoides Taverne 1982
G. Opisthoproctus Vaillant 1888
Subor. Osmeroidei
+
Fm. Osmeridae Regan 1913
Invalid names: Plecoglossidae [empty], Salangidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Retropinnidae [empty]
Fm. †Spaniodontidae Jordan 1905
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G. †Spaniodon Pictet 1850
+
+
G. Bonapartia Goode and Bean 1896
G. Cyclothone Goode and Bean 1883
G. Gonostoma Rafinesque 1810
G. †Gonostomatidarum Nolf and Brzobohaty 1994
G. †Margrethia Jespersen and Tåning 1919
G. †Scopeloides Wettstein 1887
G. †Sigmops Gill 1883
Subor. †Gonostomatoidei
+
Fm. Sternoptychidae Gill 1863
G. Ichthyococcus Bonaparte 1841
G. †Idrissia Arambourg 1954
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†Idrissia carpathica Jerzmanska 1960
†Idrissia carpiromanica Ciobanu 1977
G. †Ohuus Sato 1962
G. †Paravinciguerria Arambourg 1955
+
†Paravinciguerria praecursor Arambourg 1954
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G. †Photichthyidarum Unknown
G. Polymetme McCulloch 1926
G. †Sabbathichthys Calzoni et al. 2026
G. †Solterichthys Calzoni et al. 2025
G. Vinciguerria Jordan and Evermann 1895
G. †Woodsia Grey 1959
G. †Praewoodsia Arambourg 1967
+
G. †Abruzzoichthys Carnevale 2002
G. †Azemiolestes Prokofiev 2001
G. Borostomias Regan 1908
G. Chauliodus Schneider 1801
G. †Mrazecia Pauca 1929
G. Stomias Cuvier 1817
+
Invalid names: Macrostomias Brauer 1902 [synonym]
Subor. Stomioidei
+
G. †Telepholis von der Marck 1868
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†Telepholis acrocephalus von der Marck 1868
Invalid names: Diplophidae [empty], Gonostomata [empty], Phosichthyoidei [empty]
Fm. †Xeneichthyidae Arratia and González-Rodríguez 2024
+
G. †Xeneichthys Arratia and González-Rodríguez 2024
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†Xeneichthys yanesi Arratia and González-Rodríguez 2024
Invalid names: Erichalcidae [empty]
Fm. †Lycoclupeidae Gowda 1967
+
G. †Lycoclupea Gowda 1967
Unr. †Otocephala
+
G. Otariophysi Rosen and Greenwood 1970
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Superor. Alepocephali
+
+
+
G. Alepocephalus Goode and Bean 1879
G. †Palaeotroctes Danil'chenko 1960
G. Xenodermichthys Günther 1878
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G. †Vachalia Přikryl and Carnevale 2020
Invalid names: Bathylaconidae Parr 1948 [empty]
+
Fm. †Sorbininardidae Taverne 1999
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G. †Sorbininardus Taverne 1999
Fm. †Clupavidae Bertin and Arambourg 1958
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G. †Clupavus Arambourg 1950
G. †Lusitanichthys Gavet 1980
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Superor. Clupei
+
Or. Clupeiformes Bleeker 1859
+
G. †Austroclupea Bardack 1961
Subor. Clupeoidei Bleeker 1859 [herring]
+
Fm. Alosidae Svetovidov 1952
G. †Bolcaichthys Marramá and Carnevale 2015
Fm. Chirocentridae Cuvier and Valenciennes 1846
Fm. Clupeidae Cuvier 1817 [herring]
Superfm. Clupeoidea Cuvier 1817
Superfm. Engrauloidea Grande 1985
Invalid names: Cromeriidae [empty], Dorosomidae [empty], Macristiidae [empty], Notogoneidae [empty]
G. †Daitingichthys Arratia 1987
+
Fm. Denticipitidae Clausen 1959
G. †Hacquetia Szajnocha 1886
G. †Pseudoellimma De Figueiredo 2009
+
†Pseudoellimma gallae De Figueiredo 2009
G. †Santanaclupea Maisey 1993
+
Invalid names: Chirocentroidea Applegate 1970 [empty]
Fm. †Ganolytidae Jordan 1921
+
G. †Ganolytes Jordan 1919
+
†Ganolytes aphrasta Jordan 1925
†Ganolytes aratus Jordan 1924
+
Invalid names: Diradias fenestralis Jordan 1925 [synonym]
†Ganolytes cameo Jordan 1919
†Ganolytes clepsydra Jordan and Gilbert 1919
Invalid names: Diradias Jordan 1924 [synonym]
Superor. Ostariophysi Jordan and Evermann 1896
+
+
Invalid names: Atelaxia [empty], Histichthyes [empty], Taeniosomi [empty]
Fm. †Ancylostylidae Jordan 1923
+
G. †Ancylostylos Gorjanović-Kramberger 1895
+
†Ancylostylos gibbus Gorjanović-Kramberger 1895
Unr. Anotophysa Rosen and Greenwood 1970
+
G. †Eucoelogaster White and Moy-Thomas 1940
+
Invalid names: Coelogaster Agassiz 1835 [replaced]
+
G. †Aethalionopsis Gaudant 1967
G. †Caeus Costa 1853
Subor. Knerioidei
G. †Neohalecopsis Weiler 1928
G. †Gordichthys Poyato-Ariza 1994
+
†Gordichthys conquensis Poyato-Ariza 1994
Invalid names: Chanos forcipatus Heckel 1854 [invalid subgroup]
+
Invalid names: Characodontidae [empty], Fitzroyiidae [empty], Gooeidae [empty]
Fm. †Erythrinolepidae Cockerell 1919
+
G. †Erythrinolepis Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Apidosiidae [empty], Homalopteridae [empty], Medidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Electrophoridae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Luciidae [empty]
+
+
G. †Eobrycon Jordan 1907
Invalid names: Xiphiostomidae [empty]
Or. Heterosomata Cope 1871
+
+
G. Hippoglossus Jordan 1924
Invalid names: Synapturidae [empty]
Or. Nematognathii Gill 1861
+
Invalid names: Ameiuridae [empty], Argidae [empty], Bunocephalidae [empty], Hypophthalmidae [empty], Lepidoglanidae [empty], Pygidiidae [empty]
+
Fm. †Chanoididae Taverne 2005
+
G. †Chanoides Woodward 1901
Or. Characiformes Regan 1911
+
Subor. Citharinoidei Buckup 1998
G. Miletes Heckel 1849
G. Rhodsia Fowler 1911
G. †Santanichthys Silva Santos 1991
Or. Cypriniformes Bleeker 1859 [carp-like fish]
+
Subor. Cobitoidei Swainson 1838
Invalid names: Siluri Stirton 1953 [empty]
Or. Siluriformes [catfish]
+
Fm. †Andinichthyidae Gayet 1988
Fm. †Bachmanniidae Azpelicueta and Cione 2011
Fm. Callitrichtyidae Lundberg 1997
G. †Eopeyeria Whitley 1947
G. Selenaspis Bleeker 1858
Subor. Siluroidei Frizzell and Dante 1965
Fm. †Vorhisiidae Frizzell 1965
Invalid names: Cetopsoidei [empty], Doradidae [empty]
G. †Sooinichthys Alvarado‐Ortega et al. 2025
+
†Sooinichthys varii Alvarado‐Ortega et al. 2025
Invalid names: Characiphysae [empty], Characiphysi Fink and Fink 1981 [empty], Cyprinae [empty], Cypriniphysi [empty], Siluriphysi Grande and De Pinna 1998 [empty]
+
Invalid names: Rogeniidae [empty], Xenesthidae [empty]
G. †Tischlingerichthys Arratia 1997
+
†Tischlingerichthys viohli Arratia 1997
Or. Xenomi
+
Invalid names: Dalliidae [empty]
Invalid names: Salmopercae [empty], Selenichthyes [empty], Siluroidea [empty], Xenarchi [empty]
Invalid names: Ostarioclupeomorpha [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available