PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Vulpes vulpes (red fox)

Osteichthyes - Carnivora - Canidae

Taxonomy

Canis vulpes was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant. It is the type species of Vulpes.

It was recombined as Vulpes vulpes by Thomas (1911), Churcher (1959), Kurten (1968), van Gelder (1978), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Wilson and Reeder (1993), Wang et al. (2008), Tedford et al. (2009), Geraads (2011), Koufos (2022).

Subspecies

V. macroura

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

V. atlantica, V. donnezani, V. fulva, V. fulvus, V. vinetorum, V. atlantica, V. pulcher, V. ruppellii

Synonyms

Canis alopex was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Thomas (1911); it was synonymized subjectively with Vulpes vulpes by Lariviere and Pasitschniak-Arts (1996).
Canis vulpes montana was named by Pearson (1835). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Canis vulpes by Duerst (1908).
Vulpes cascadensis was named by Merriam (1900). It is extant. Its type specimen is USNM 92767.

It was replaced with Vulpes vulpes by Lariviere and Pasitschniak-Arts (1996).
Vulpes fulva was named by Desmarest (1829). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Vulpes vulpes by Churcher (1959), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Hall (1981).
Vulpes palmaria was named by Hay (1917). Its type specimen is Florida Geology Survey No. 6738, a mandible (part of the right ramus with p3 and p4), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Vero, which is in a Pleistocene channel sandstone/sandstone in Florida.

It was synonymized subjectively with Vulpes vulpes by Kurten and Anderson (1980).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1758	Canis alopex Linnaeus p. 40
1758	Canis vulpes Linnaeus p. 40
1829	Vulpes fulva Desmarest
1835	Canis vulpes montana Pearson p. 324
1900	Vulpes cascadensis Merriam p. 665 fig. 3
1911	Vulpes vulpes Thomas p. 134
1917	Vulpes palmaria Hay
1959	Vulpes vulpes Churcher
1967	Vulpes fulva Wilson p. 211
1968	Vulpes vulpes Kurten p. 115
1978	Vulpes vulpes van Gelder
1980	Vulpes vulpes Kurten and Anderson p. 174
1993	Vulpes vulpes Wilson and Reeder
2008	Vulpes vulpes Wang et al.
2009	Vulpes vulpes Tedford et al. p. 47
2011	Vulpes vulpes Geraads
2022	Vulpes vulpes Koufos

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Pancarnivora
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
family	Canidae
genus	Vulpes	Frisch 1775
species	vulpes	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus 1758 [red fox]

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Vulpes vulpes macroura Baird 1852

Invalid names: Canis alopex Linnaeus 1758 [synonym], Canis vulpes montana Pearson 1835 [synonym], Vulpes fulva Desmarest 1829 [synonym], Vulpes palmaria Hay 1917 [synonym], Vulpes vulpes cascadensis Merriam 1900 [replaced]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available