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Ptychodus
Taxonomy
Ptychodus was named by Agassiz (1834) [Sepkoski's age data: K Albi-u K Camp Sepkoski's reference number: 884. This author and date are according to Giusberti et al. 2018, PBDB ref. 76687.]. Its type is Ptychodus schlottheimii. It is the type genus of Ptychodontidae.
It was assigned to Cestraciontidae by Leidy (1873); to Myliobatidae by Woodward (1889); to Heterodontiformes by Itoigawa (1977); to Ctenacanthida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ptychodontidae by Hay (1902), Jordan (1963), Applegate (1970), Uyeno (1972), Herman (1977), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case et al. (1990), Shimada (1996), Cappetta and Case (1999), Cicimurri (2003), Niedźwiedzki and Kalina (2003), Everhart and Darnell (2004), Shimada (2006), Shimada et al. (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Shimada and Martin (2008), Shimada et al. (2009), Bourdon et al. (2011), Guinot et al. (2013), Cicimurri et al. (2014), Bice and Shimada (2016), Giusberti et al. (2018), Amadori et al. (2019), Amalfitano et al. (2020), Maisch et al. (2021), Goñi and Cuny (2022), Juranek and Shimada (2025).
It was assigned to Cestraciontidae by Leidy (1873); to Myliobatidae by Woodward (1889); to Heterodontiformes by Itoigawa (1977); to Ctenacanthida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ptychodontidae by Hay (1902), Jordan (1963), Applegate (1970), Uyeno (1972), Herman (1977), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case et al. (1990), Shimada (1996), Cappetta and Case (1999), Cicimurri (2003), Niedźwiedzki and Kalina (2003), Everhart and Darnell (2004), Shimada (2006), Shimada et al. (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Shimada and Martin (2008), Shimada et al. (2009), Bourdon et al. (2011), Guinot et al. (2013), Cicimurri et al. (2014), Bice and Shimada (2016), Giusberti et al. (2018), Amadori et al. (2019), Amalfitano et al. (2020), Maisch et al. (2021), Goñi and Cuny (2022), Juranek and Shimada (2025).
Species
Buffonites, P. altior, P. anonymus, P. articulatus, P. belluccii, P. concentricus, P. decurrens (syn. P. levis, P. depressus, P. multistriatus, P. oweni, P. decurrens multiplicatus), P. elevatus, P. latissimus, P. mahakalensis, P. mammillaris, P. marginalis, P. martini (syn. P. connellyi), P. mortoni, P. occidentalis, P. papillosus, P. parvulus, P. paucisulcatus, P. pauli, P. polygyrus, P. rhombodus, P. rugosus, P. schlottheimii (type species), P. whipplei
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1829 | Buffonites Sternberg |
| 1834 | Ptychodus Agassiz p. 69 |
| 1873 | Ptychodus Leidy p. 352 |
| 1889 | Ptychodus Woodward p. 132 |
| 1902 | Ptychodus Hay p. 317 |
| 1963 | Ptychodus Jordan p. 605 |
| 1970 | Ptychodus Applegate p. 393 |
| 1972 | Ptychodus Uyeno p. 223 |
| 1977 | Ptychodus Herman p. 46 |
| 1977 | Ptychodus Itoigawa p. 126 |
| 1981 | Ptychodus Thurmond and Jones p. 41 |
| 1990 | Ptychodus Case et al. p. 1084 |
| 1996 | Ptychodus Shimada p. 6 |
| 1999 | Ptychodus Cappetta and Case p. 9 |
| 2002 | Ptychodus Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Ptychodus Cicimurri pp. 5-7 figs. 4, A-K |
| 2003 | Ptychodus Niedźwiedzki and Kalina pp. 16-21 figs. figs.3 & 5(1) |
| 2004 | Ptychodus Everhart and Darnell p. 127 |
| 2006 | Ptychodus Shimada p. 165 |
| 2006 | Ptychodus Shimada et al. p. 6 |
| 2007 | Ptychodus Cahuzac et al. p. 11 |
| 2008 | Ptychodus Shimada and Martin p. 89 |
| 2009 | Ptychodus Shimada et al. p. 336 |
| 2011 | Ptychodus Bourdon et al. p. 6 |
| 2013 | Ptychodus Guinot et al. p. 593 |
| 2014 | Ptychodus Cicimurri et al. p. 11 figs. 7N-P |
| 2016 | Ptychodus Bice and Shimada p. 174 |
| 2018 | Ptychodus Giusberti et al. p. 251 |
| 2019 | Ptychodus Amadori et al. p. 230 |
| 2020 | Ptychodus Amalfitano et al. p. 267 |
| 2021 | Ptychodus Maisch et al. p. 4 |
| 2022 | Ptychodus Goñi and Cuny |
| 2025 | Ptychodus Juranek and Shimada p. 5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Ptychodus Agassiz 1834
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†Ptychodus altior Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus anonymus Williston 1900
†Ptychodus articulatus Agassiz 1837
†Ptychodus belluccii Bonarelli 1899
†Ptychodus concentricus Agassiz 1839
†Ptychodus decurrens Agassiz 1838
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Invalid names: Ptychodus depressus Dixon 1850 [synonym], Ptychodus levis Woodward 1893 [synonym], Ptychodus multistriatus Woodward 1889 [synonym], Ptychodus oweni Dixon 1850 [synonym]
†Ptychodus elevatus Leriche 1929
†Ptychodus latissimus Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus mahakalensis Chiplonkar and Ghare 1977
†Ptychodus mammillaris Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus marginalis Agassiz 1839
†Ptychodus martini Williston 1900
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Invalid names: Ptychodus connellyi MacLeod and Slaughter 1980 [synonym]
†Ptychodus mortoni Mantell 1836
†Ptychodus occidentalis Leidy 1868
†Ptychodus papillosus Cope 1875
†Ptychodus parvulus Whiteaves 1889
†Ptychodus paucisulcatus Dixon 1850
†Ptychodus pauli Coquand 1859
†Ptychodus polygyrus Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus rhombodus Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
†Ptychodus rugosus Dixon 1850
†Ptychodus schlottheimii Agassiz 1834
†Ptychodus whipplei Marcou 1858
Invalid names: Buffonites Sternberg 1829 [nomen oblitum], Ptychodus decurrens multiplicatus Leriche 1902 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available