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Carcharias (sand shark)
Taxonomy
Carcharias was named by Rafinesque (1810). It is extant.
It was reranked as Squalus (Carcharias) by Richardson (1836).
It was assigned to Plagiostomi by Agassiz (1835); to Squalus by Richardson (1836); to Squalidae by Gibbes (1847); to Carchariinae by Hay (1902); to Carcharidae by Alessandri (1896), Bohm (1926), Arambourg (1927); to Odontaspidae by Yabe and Hirayama (1998), Bogan and Agnolin (2010), Hastings and Dooley (2017); to Carchariidae by Woodward (1889), Chapman and Pritchard (1904), Eastman (1904), Eastman (1908), Jordan and Gilbert (1919), Jordan and Hanibal (1923), Chapman and Cudmore (1924), Nagao (1928), David (1943), Rapp (1946), Jordan (1963), Miller (1967), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Guinot et al. (2023), Feichtinger et al. (2024); and to Odontaspididae by Case (1991), Siverson (1992), Long (1992), Biddle (1993), Siverson (1996), Siverson (1997), Kriwet (1999), Cappetta and Corral (1999), Cappetta and Case (1999), Long and Stilwell (2000), Mors et al. (2000), Zalmout and Mustafa (2001), Donovan and Gunter (2001), Purdy et al. (2001), Cicimurri (2003), Antunes and Balbino (2003), Vicens and Rodríguez-Perea (2003), Compagno (2005), Cappetta and Nolf (2005), Tabuce et al. (2005), Shimada et al. (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Kocsis (2007), Marsili et al. (2007), Shimada and Martin (2008), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Otero et al. (2013), Guinot et al. (2013), Reinecke and Radwanski (2015), Corral et al. (2016), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), Cappetta et al. (2019), Cantalice et al. (2019), Landini et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Popov et al. (2025).
It was reranked as Squalus (Carcharias) by Richardson (1836).
It was assigned to Plagiostomi by Agassiz (1835); to Squalus by Richardson (1836); to Squalidae by Gibbes (1847); to Carchariinae by Hay (1902); to Carcharidae by Alessandri (1896), Bohm (1926), Arambourg (1927); to Odontaspidae by Yabe and Hirayama (1998), Bogan and Agnolin (2010), Hastings and Dooley (2017); to Carchariidae by Woodward (1889), Chapman and Pritchard (1904), Eastman (1904), Eastman (1908), Jordan and Gilbert (1919), Jordan and Hanibal (1923), Chapman and Cudmore (1924), Nagao (1928), David (1943), Rapp (1946), Jordan (1963), Miller (1967), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Guinot et al. (2023), Feichtinger et al. (2024); and to Odontaspididae by Case (1991), Siverson (1992), Long (1992), Biddle (1993), Siverson (1996), Siverson (1997), Kriwet (1999), Cappetta and Corral (1999), Cappetta and Case (1999), Long and Stilwell (2000), Mors et al. (2000), Zalmout and Mustafa (2001), Donovan and Gunter (2001), Purdy et al. (2001), Cicimurri (2003), Antunes and Balbino (2003), Vicens and Rodríguez-Perea (2003), Compagno (2005), Cappetta and Nolf (2005), Tabuce et al. (2005), Shimada et al. (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Kocsis (2007), Marsili et al. (2007), Shimada and Martin (2008), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Otero et al. (2013), Guinot et al. (2013), Reinecke and Radwanski (2015), Corral et al. (2016), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), Cappetta et al. (2019), Cantalice et al. (2019), Landini et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Popov et al. (2025).
Species
C. (Odontaspis), C. aasenensis, C. acutissima (syn. Odontaspis vorax), C. acutissimus, C. acutus, C. adneti, C. clavata, C. clavatus, C. collata, C. dominguei, C. duplex, C. eocaenus, C. gibbesii, C. gracilis, C. gustrowensis, C. hardingi, C. holmdelensis, C. hopei, C. latus, C. lomitae, C. melanopterus, C. ornatus, C. polygyrus, C. reticulata, C. samhammeri (syn. C. heathi), C. sanctaecrucis, C. taurus, C. tenuis, C. tenuis, C. victoriae, C. virgatulus
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1810 | Carcharias Rafinesque |
| 1835 | Carcharias Agassiz p. 38ff |
| 1836 | Squalus (Carcharias) Richardson p. 64 |
| 1847 | Carcharias Gibbes p. 191 |
| 1862 | Eugomphodus Gill |
| 1889 | Carcharias Woodward p. 435 |
| 1896 | Carcharias Alessandri p. 721 |
| 1902 | Carcharias Hay p. 301 |
| 1904 | Carcharias Chapman and Pritchard p. 274 |
| 1904 | Carcharias Eastman p. 84 |
| 1908 | Carcharias Eastman p. 187 |
| 1919 | Carcharias Jordan and Gilbert p. 21 |
| 1923 | Carcharias Jordan and Hanibal p. 45 |
| 1924 | Carcharias Chapman and Cudmore p. 118 |
| 1926 | Carcharias Bohm p. 79 |
| 1927 | Carcharias Arambourg p. 226 |
| 1928 | Carcharias Nagao p. 125 |
| 1943 | Carcharias David p. 81 |
| 1946 | Carcharias Rapp p. 510 |
| 1963 | Carcharias Jordan p. 599 |
| 1963 | Eugomphodus Jordan p. 599 |
| 1967 | Carcharias Miller p. 223 |
| 1991 | Carcharias Case p. 4 |
| 1992 | Carcharias Long p. 25 |
| 1992 | Carcharias Siverson p. 536 |
| 1993 | Carcharias Biddle p. 203 |
| 1993 | Carcharias Cvancara and Hoganson p. 7 |
| 1996 | Carcharias Siverson p. 838 |
| 1997 | Carcharias Siverson p. 461 |
| 1998 | Carcharias Yabe and Hirayama p. 39 |
| 1999 | Carcharias Cappetta and Case p. 17 |
| 1999 | Carcharias Cappetta and Corral p. 347 |
| 1999 | Carcharias Kriwet p. 121 |
| 2000 | Carcharias Long and Stilwell p. 349 |
| 2000 | Carcharias Mors et al. p. 151 |
| 2001 | Carcharias Donovan and Gunter p. 211 |
| 2001 | Carcharias Purdy et al. p. 101 |
| 2001 | Carcharias Zalmout and Mustafa pp. 388-389 figs. 1-3, plate 1 |
| 2003 | Carcharias Antunes and Balbino p. 142 |
| 2003 | Carcharias Cicimurri p. 10 figs. 5, H |
| 2003 | Carcharias Vicens and Rodríguez-Perea p. 120 |
| 2005 | Carcharias Cappetta and Nolf p. 240 |
| 2005 | Carcharias Compagno |
| 2005 | Carcharias Tabuce et al. p. 385 |
| 2006 | Carcharias Shimada et al. p. 11 |
| 2007 | Carcharias Cahuzac et al. p. 20 |
| 2007 | Carcharias Kocsis p. 31 |
| 2007 | Carcharias Marsili et al. p. 30 |
| 2008 | Carcharias Shimada and Martin p. 92 |
| 2009 | Carcharias Cicimurri and Knight p. 631 |
| 2010 | Carcharias Bogan and Agnolin |
| 2013 | Carcharias Guinot et al. p. 646 |
| 2013 | Carcharias Otero et al. pp. 16-18 figs. Fg. 3: 1-4 |
| 2015 | Carcharias Reinecke and Radwanski p. 9 |
| 2016 | Carcharias Corral et al. p. 649 |
| 2017 | Carcharias Hastings and Dooley p. 83 |
| 2017 | Carcharias Szabo et al. |
| 2018 | Carcharias Kent p. 63 |
| 2019 | Carcharias Cantalice et al. p. 431 |
| 2019 | Carcharias Cappetta et al. p. 1165 |
| 2019 | Carcharias Landini et al. p. 355 |
| 2020 | Carcharias Villafaña et al. |
| 2023 | Carcharias Guinot et al. pp. 5-6 figs. 3C-F |
| 2024 | Carcharias Feichtinger et al. p. 15 |
| 2025 | Carcharias Popov et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Carcharias Rafinesque 1810 [sand shark]
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Subg. †Carcharias (Odontaspis) Agassiz 1843
†Carcharias aasenensis Siverson 1992
†Carcharias acutissimus Agassiz 1843
†Carcharias acutus Agassiz 1843
†Carcharias adneti Vullo 2005
†Carcharias clavata Agassiz 1856
†Carcharias clavatus Agassiz 1844
†Carcharias collata Eastman 1904
†Carcharias dominguei Cappetta et al. 2019
†Carcharias duplex Agassiz 1843
†Carcharias eocaenus Woodward 1889
†Carcharias gibbesii Woodward 1889
†Carcharias gracilis Davis 1890
†Carcharias gustrowensis Winkler 1875
†Carcharias hardingi Cappetta and Case 1975
†Carcharias holmdelensis Cappetta and Case 1975
†Carcharias hopei Agassiz 1843
†Carcharias latus Davis 1890
†Carcharias lomitae Jordan and Hanibal 1923
Carcharias melanopterus Quoy and Gaimard 1824
†Carcharias ornatus Agassiz 1856
†Carcharias polygyrus Agassiz 1838
†Carcharias reticulata Probst 1879
†Carcharias samhammeri Cappetta and Case 1975
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Invalid names: Carcharias heathi Case and Cappetta 1997 [synonym]
†Carcharias sanctaecrucis Jordan and Hanibal 1923
†Carcharias taurus Rafinesque 1810
†Carcharias tenuis Davis 1890
†Carcharias tenuis Agassiz 1839
†Carcharias victoriae Chapman and Cudmore 1924
†Carcharias virgatulus Jordan and Hanibal 1923
†Odontaspis acutissima vorax Le Hon 1871
Invalid names: Eugomphodus Gill 1862 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available