PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian					0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian					0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian			Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian				Waipipian					3
				Zanclean				Waipipian					3.6
				Zanclean				Opoitian					3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian				Tongaporutuan					7.246
				Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan					11.04
				Serravallian				Waiauan					11.63
				Serravallian				Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian					13.82
								Clifdenian					15.1
							Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian				Altonian					15.98
				Burdigalian				Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian				Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian					23.03
								Duntroonian					25.2
								Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
							Arnold	Runangan					34.6
								Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan					37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian					41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
								Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan					47.8
								Mangaorapan					48.9
								Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian					56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian				Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
								Mangaotanean					90.5
								Arowhanan					93.7
				Cenomanian				Arowhanan					93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
								Motuan					99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan					100.5
								Urutawan					103.3
							Taitai	Korangan					108.4
				Aptian				Korangan					113
				Aptian									117.5
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
			Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		Severodvinian			259.51
			Wordian		Wordian		Urzhumian			264.28
			Roadian		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
			Roadian		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
										Filipovian		276.5 *
										Saraninian		280.1 *
						Hessian				Saraninian		281.9 *
			Artinskian				Artinskian			Sarginian		283.5
										Irginian		285.9 *
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				Irginian		286.1 *
										Burtsevian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian			Nealian	Asselian			Shikhanian		293.52
										Uskalykian		294.8
										Surenian		297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
			Kasimovian									303.7
			Moscovian									307
			Bashkirian									315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
			Visean									330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									1000
		Ectasian									1200
		Calymmian									1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian									1600
		Orosirian									1800
		Rhyacian									2050
		Siderian									2300
Archean	Neoarchean										2500
	Mesoarchean										2800
	Paleoarchean										3200
	Eoarchean										3600
Hadean											4000
													4600