PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
				Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian									100.5
						Middle Albian									106.2 *
						Early Albian									109.9 *
				Aptian		Late Aptian									113
				Aptian		Early Aptian									119.5 *
				Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian		Late Berriasian									139.8
						Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
						Early Berriasian									142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
				Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
				Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
				Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian		Late Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras				168.2
						Late Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.4
						Early Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.6 *
				Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				174.7
											Planulata				179.3 *
													Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
						Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
											Kanense				181.3 *
											Carlottense				182.3 *
						Early Toarcian					Carlottense				182.9 *
						Early Toarcian					Kunae				183.5 *
				Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					Kunae				184.2
											Freboldi				185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras			189.2 *
											Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis			190.3 *
				Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
											Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
											Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
				Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian		Sevatian									208.5
						Alaunian									213.2 *
						Lacian									216.7 *
				Carnian		Tuvalian									227
				Carnian		Julian									233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian									237
				Ladinian		Fassanian									239.7 *
				Anisian		Illyrian									242
						Pelsonian									243.8 *
						Bithynian									244.7 *
						Aegean									245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian									247.2
				Olenekian		Smithian									248.9 *
				Induan		Dienerian									251.2
				Induan		Griesbachian									251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian			273.01
			Kungurian		Hessian			281.9 *
			Artinskian		Hessian			283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian			290.1
			Asselian		Nealian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †				454.2 *
									Longvillian †					455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †					456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
			Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
							Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10								Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian								Iverian	489.5
			Paibian								Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Mindyallan	497
			Guzhangian								Boomerangian	499
			Drumian								Undillan	500.5
			Drumian								Floran	503
	Wuliuan		Templetonian			504.5
	Wuliuan		Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian			509
		Stage 4				510.8 *
		Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000								Karatau
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
															1400