PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
				Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian									100.5
						Middle Albian									106.2 *
						Early Albian									109.9 *
				Aptian		Late Aptian									113
				Aptian		Early Aptian									119.5 *
				Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian		Late Berriasian									139.8
						Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
						Early Berriasian									142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
				Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
				Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
				Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian		Late Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras				168.2
						Late Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.4
						Early Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.6 *
				Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				174.7
											Planulata				179.3 *
													Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
						Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
											Kanense				181.3 *
											Carlottense				182.3 *
						Early Toarcian					Carlottense				182.9 *
						Early Toarcian					Kunae				183.5 *
				Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					Kunae				184.2
											Freboldi				185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
					189.2 *							Tetraspidoceras
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras					Canadensis			190.3 *
				Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
Pseudaetomoceras								Psiloceras	196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian	Sevatian					208.5
				Alaunian					213.2 *
				Lacian					216.7 *
			Carnian	Tuvalian					227
			Carnian	Julian					233.4 *
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian					237
			Ladinian	Fassanian					239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian					242
				Pelsonian					243.8 *
				Bithynian					244.7 *
				Aegean					245.5 *
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian					247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian					248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian					251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian					251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian						Wordian	264.28
			Roadian						Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian							Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian							Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian										453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
			Dapingian			467.3	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn
			Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian	468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian	470
						Whitlandian	471.1 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
							485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10				Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
			Paibian				Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian	499
			Drumian				Undillan	500.5
			Drumian				Floran	503
Wuliuan			Templetonian	504.5
Wuliuan			Ordian	507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4	Ordian	509
		Stage 4		510.8 *
		Stage 3		514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2		521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian						Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian							2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean									4000
															4600