Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Ceratosaurus nasicornis was named by Marsh (1884). Its type specimen is USNM 4735, a skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Felch Quarry 1, Garden Park (YPM), which is in a Kimmeridgian/Tithonian channel sandstone/claystone in the Morrison Formation of Colorado.
It was recombined as Megalosaurus nasicornis by Cope (1892).
It was recombined as Megalosaurus nasicornis by Cope (1892).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1884 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh p. 330 |
1884 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Vetter p. 357 |
1885 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Woodward p. 12 |
1890 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Gaudry p. 233 |
1890 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Zittel p. 727 |
1891 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Boule p. 19 |
1892 | Megalosaurus nasicornis Cope pp. 241-245 |
1893 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh p. 437 |
1893 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Winkler p. 108 |
1896 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh p. 157 |
1897 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh p. 503 |
1898 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Woodward p. 200 |
1899 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Knight p. 22 |
1900 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Walcott p. 23 |
1901 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Gadow p. 422 |
1901 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Nopcsa p. 199 |
1902 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Hay p. 494 |
1902 | Ceratosaurus nascomis Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxviii |
1903 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Lambe p. 134 |
1904 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Lambe p. 5 |
1910 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Versluys p. 189 |
1911 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis von Zittel p. 281 |
1913 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Tornier p. 369 fig. 47–48 |
1915 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Nopcsa p. 388 |
1915 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Stromer p. 7 |
1916 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Mook p. 143 |
1920 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Gilmore pp. 76-77 |
1928 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Perrier p. 3087 |
1930 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Hay p. 176 |
1933 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Janensch p. 232 |
1934 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Stromer p. 78 |
1934 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Swinton p. 31 |
1935 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Lowe p. 418 |
1939 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Kuhn p. 41 |
1964 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Tatarinov p. 538 |
1970 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Steel p. 30 |
1970 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Swinton p. 139 |
1972 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Osmólska et al. p. 137 |
1974 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Molnar p. 1012 |
1977 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Anonymous p. 16 |
1980 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Molnar and Pledge p. 285 fig. 3 |
1981 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis McIntosh p. 8 |
1981 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Osmolska p. 90 |
1984 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Jensen p. 375 |
1984 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Welles pp. 156-158 |
1986 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Gauthier p. 9 |
1988 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Paul pp. 275-276 |
1989 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Rowe p. 125 |
1990 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Rowe and Gauthier p. 152 |
1991 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Bonaparte p. 18 |
1991 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Molnar p. 165 |
1992 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Bakker et al. p. 9 fig. 3D |
1996 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Richmond and Stadtman p. 117 |
1997 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Carpenter p. 91 |
1997 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Novas p. 1 |
1997 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Rowe et al. p. 106 |
1997 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Vickaryous and Ryan p. 488 |
1998 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Holtz, Jr. p. 38 |
1999 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Carpenter p. 9 |
2000 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Foster and Chure p. 8 fig. 3 |
2000 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Madsen Jr. and Welles |
2000 | Ceratosaurus magnicornis Madsen Jr. and Welles p. 2 |
2003 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Rauhut p. 24 |
2003 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Yates p. 320 |
2004 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Tykoski and Rowe p. 49 |
2004 | Ceratosaurus magnicornis Tykoski and Rowe p. 49 |
2004 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Tykoski and Rowe p. 49 |
2005 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Yates p. 105 |
2005 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Yates p. 109 |
2005 | Ceratosaurus magnicornis Yates p. 114 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Chure et al. p. 236 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus magnicornis Chure et al. p. 236 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Chure et al. p. 236 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Hunt and Lucas p. 117 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus magnicornis Langer and Benton p. 320 fig. 5 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Mateus p. 226 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus magnicornis Mateus p. 226 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Mateus p. 226 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Mateus et al. pp. 123-124 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus magnicornis Mateus et al. p. 124 |
2006 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Mateus et al. p. 124 |
2007 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Sampson and Witmer p. 33 |
2007 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Smith p. 104 |
2008 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Carrano and Sampson p. 192 |
2008 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Soto and Perea p. 441 |
2008 | Ceratosaurus magnicornis Soto and Perea p. 441 |
2008 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Soto and Perea p. 441 |
2009 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Bittencourt and Kellner p. 8 |
2010 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Paulina Carabajal and Canale p. 249 |
2010 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Rauhut et al. p. 156 |
2011 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Hone et al. p. 502 |
2011 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Mateus et al. p. 65 |
2011 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Osi and Buffetaut p. 41 |
2011 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Ruiz et al. p. 1271 |
2012 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Carrano et al. p. 226 |
2012 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Decker p. 8 |
2012 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Paulina Carabajal and Currie p. 86 |
2013 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Fernandes de Azevedo et al. p. 136 |
2013 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Fernandes de Azevedo et al. p. 139 |
2013 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Hanson and Makovicky p. 780 |
2013 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Novas et al. p. 184 |
2014 | Ceratosaurus magnicornis Dalman p. 161 |
2014 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Hendrickx and Mateus p. 19 |
2014 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Xing et al. p. 1653 |
2016 | Ceratosaurus magnicornis Foster et al. p. 45 |
2016 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Martill et al. p. 33 |
2017 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Ezcurra p. 508 |
2018 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Dal Sasso et al. p. 19 |
2018 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Dal Sasso et al. p. 29 |
2018 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Delcourt p. 2 |
2018 | Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Rauhut et al. p. 18 |
2018 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Rauhut et al. p. 18 |
2019 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Yun p. 1 |
2020 | Ceratosaurus nasicornis Malafaia et al. p. 4 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh 1884
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Invalid names: Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Madsen Jr. and Welles 2000 [synonym], Ceratosaurus magnicornis Madsen Jr. and Welles 2000 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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J. H. Madsen and S. P. Welles 2000 (Ceratosaurus magnicornis) | Differs from Ceratosaurus nasicornis in being more massive; having a longer and lower skull (H:Lratio of 40 versus 47); the anterior border of the premaxilla is straighter; the maxilla is longer (412 versus 360 mm); its anterior edge is almost vertical, versus an anterior dip of about 50°; its lower border is more convex, its lateral face more deeply impressed by the recess, and its nasal process has a deep maxillary vacuity; the upper edge of the maxilla, below the antorbital fenestra, dips only 15° posteriorly versus 25°, and the anterior edge of the maxilla is lower at the front of the fenestra; the nasal horn core is longer and lower; the teeth are longer and stouter, especially posteriorly; the lacrimal is more massive, bears a high, rugose horn core with a longer base, and a much larger recess; the quadratojugal is more massive ventrally; the quadrate has a much larger, lower articular surface, and its pillar is more concave posteriorly; the dentary is much more concave dorsally and convex ventrally, the chin much more rounded with the bone more massive, becoming 148 mm high at the surangular contact at 546 mm from the chin, versus 92 mm at 320 mm; there are 11, possibly 12 alveoli versus 15. The 6th cervical is 80 mm long versus 65 mm, and its neural spine is much higher (145 versus 120 mm) and is longer anteroposteriorly (52 versus 34 mm); the table slants up more steeply posteriorly; the posterior chonos is much shorter; the diapophysis is much higher above the parapophysis; there is a stout epipophysis. The femur is 630 mm long versus 620 mm, its head 120 mm broad versus 150 mm, and the distal end of each is 135 mm broad; the shaft is 75 mm broad below the trochanteric shelf, versus 52 mm, and is much straighter. The tibia is 520 mm long versus 555 mm (T:F ratio of 83 versus 90) and the tuberosity is not so well developed; the proximal diameters are 135 and 180 mm, the distal are diameters 132 and 140 mm; the astragalar facet is similar, but the dorsal process of the astragalus completely fills the facet. The calcaneum is broader anteriorly, occupying 43% of the astragalocalcanear breadth, versus 28%, and the suture runs dorsolaterally; the calcaneum is also broader in lateral view. For differences from Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus, n. sp. see the diagnosis for that species on page 21. | |
J. H. Madsen and S. P. Welles 2000 (Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus) | In addition to significantly larger size, the largest ceratosaur of record differs from Ceratosaurus nasicornis in the following: subnarial border of premaxilla arched and almost horizontal versus straight and dipping forward; nasal process lower; body of premaxilla longer, and with several large foramina; maxilla more massive, alveolar border more concave, and recess more pronounced; posterior edge of nasal process rises more steeply; front of antorbital fenestra more open; three large openings into body of maxilla at front of maxillary recess and base of nasal process; 12 alveoli versus 15; teeth more massive and more strongly recurved; dentary more massive and more upturned from tooth 6 forward; dentary teeth more massive, and only 11 versus 15; atlas-axis 100 mm long versus 84; odontoid more prominent, axial centrum much shorter, its ventral edge less downcurved, its spine higher and very much shorter anteroposteriorly, its anterior edge dipping 70° anteriorly versus 20°; the edge of its table much steeper and straighter, there is no prezygapophysis and there is an epipophysis extending far behind the spine; third centrum shorter, its ends almost vertical, its spine shorter and almost vertical rather than strongly recurved, its epipophysis very much larger; tibia longer (594 versus 554 mm) and more massive; the tuberosity heavier, as is the shaft; the astragalar overhang dips only 5° versus 28°; the distal end is 165 mm broad versus 140 mm; there is a weak horizontal groove across the front of the astragalus, and its dorsal process is ossified; the fibula is longer (564 versus 502 mm); in lateral view its upper end is vertical, rather than dipping 70° anteriorly, and is broader; the tibial flange dips posteriorly versus anteriorly, and its upper edge versus lower edge projects anteriorly; the distal end is broader (81 versus 53 mm) and is convex, evenly rounded versus truncated. It differs from Ceratosaurus magnicornis, n. sp. in having a much more massive premaxilla; the muzzle is more
rounded and the nasal process curves back more sharply, making the snout and naris lower; the lower border of the naris is convex behind an anterior concavity, as opposed to smoothly concave; the maxilla is about the same length, but has a steeper nasal process with a straight posterior border so the antorbital fenestra has a more open anterior border; there are three additional openings into the maxilla at the front of the recess and the base of the nasal process; the lateral face of the bone is higher above the first three teeth; the lower half of the anterior border dips steeply posteriorly, versus anteriorly; the alveolar border is slightly more convex; the foramina in the row above the alveolar border are larger, and the grooves below them deeper; the anterior three teeth are more recurved, and the posterior teeth more vertical. The 5th cervical vertebra has a similarly downset centrum, but is shorter; the transverse process ends with the diapophysis higher above the parapophysis; the table is shorter; the epipophysis much smaller; the spine is lower, shorter, and the shoulder weaker. The humerus is longer (333 versus 292 mm) and is much more massive; the head dips only 10° laterally versus 20° and the anteroventral process of the greater tuberosity is much larger; the deltoid tuberosity is 93 mm long, versus 84 mm, and is thinner; the shaft is 63 mm broad versus 35 mm. | |
M. T. Carrano and S. D. Sampson 2008 | Ceratosaur with: (1) mediolaterally narrow, rounded midline horn core on the fused nasals, (2) medial oval groove on nasals behind horn core, (3) pubis with large, rounded notch underneath the obturator foramen, (4) small median dorsal osteoderms (modified from Rauhut 2003: 24). | |
M. T. Carrano et al. 2012 | Ceratosaur with: (1) mediolaterally narrow, rounded midline horn core on nasals, fused in adults (modified from Marsh 1884); (2) medial oval groove on nasals behind horn core (Rauhut 2003); (3) pubis with large, rounded notch ventral to obturator foramen (Rauhut 2003); and (4) small median dorsal osteoderms (Marsh 1884). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, o = order | |||||
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875 |
Age range: Late/Upper Kimmeridgian or 155.70000 to 150.80000 Ma
Collections (6 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Kimmeridgian | USA (Utah) | Ceratosaurus nasicornis (64053) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | Ceratosaurus nasicornis (49652) Ceratosaurus sp. (11611) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Portugal (Centro) | Ceratosaurus nasicornis (156123) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | Ceratosaurus nasicornis (type locality: 28366) | |
Tithonian | USA (Utah) | Ceratosaurus sp. (46439) |