PBDB Collection

Grube Messel Pit (Senckenberg SMF collection) (Eocene of Germany)

Where: Hessen, Germany (49.9° N, 8.8° E: paleocoordinates 46.9° N, 4.8° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Messel Formation, MP 11 (48.6 - 40.4 Ma)

• "lower Middle Eocene, lower-most Geiseltalian, Mammal Paleogene level 11… .575 to .77 m above local stratigraphic marker Alpha."

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: crater lake; lithified claystone

• "A drilling project conducted in 2001 showed that the former Lake Messel was a maar lake, which is a small deep lake that had its origin in an explosive volcanic eruption. The former lake basin had an original diameter of about 1.5 km, and a depth of about 300–400 m (Harms, 2002; Felder & Harms, 2004)."

• "The fossils are embedded in darkly coloured, finely laminated claystone sediments rich in organic substances (‘oil shale’), which were deposited in a meromictic lake (e.g. Goth, 1990)."

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: adpression, soft parts

Reposited in the SMF

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (in situ),

Primary reference: R. Stritzke. 1983. Saniwa feisti n. sp., ein Varanide (Lacertilia, Reptilia) aus dem Mittel-Eozän von Messel bei Darmstadt. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 64(5/6):497-508 [G. Lloyd/G. Lloyd]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 120798: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Jered Karr on 21.11.2011, edited by Matthew Carrano, Matthew Clapham, Jenna Sandlin and Evangelos Vlachos

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Heterocera indet.¹⁵ Heterocera indet.¹⁵ SMF MeI 296
Insecta
Odonata -	Anisoptera indet.¹⁵ Anisoptera indet.¹⁵ true dragonfly SMF MeI 523
Odonata - Corduliidae	cf. Corduliidae indet.¹⁵ cf. Corduliidae indet.¹⁵ Selys-Longchamps 1850 green-eyed skimmer SMF MeI 1225
Odonata - Aeshnidae	"Aeschnidae indet." = Aeshnidae¹⁵ "Aeschnidae indet." = Aeshnidae¹⁵ Leach 1815 darner dragonfly SMF MeI 817
Odonata - Pseudostenolestidae	Pseudostenolestes bechlyi n. gen. n. sp.¹¹ Pseudostenolestes bechlyi n. gen. n. sp.¹¹ Garrouste and Nel 2015 dragonfly SMF MeI 14781, 13209, 14712, 14794
Odonata - Dysagrionidae	Petrolestes messelensis n. sp.¹¹ Petrolestes messelensis n. sp.¹¹ Garrouste and Nel 2015 damselfly SMF MeI 11777
Blattodea -	Isoptera indet.¹⁵ Isoptera indet.¹⁵ termite SMF MeI 952
Blattodea - Blattidae	Blattidae indet.¹⁵ Blattidae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1810 cockroach SMF MeI 1226
Orthoptera -	Ensifera indet.¹⁵ Ensifera indet.¹⁵ Chopard 1920 grasshopper SMF MeI 112, 188, 676, 684, 818
Dicondylia -	Coleoptera indet.¹⁵ Coleoptera indet.¹⁵ Linnaeus 1758 beetle SMF MeI 360, 435
Coleoptera - Cerambycidae	Lamiinae indet.¹⁵ Lamiinae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1825 longhorned beetle SMF MeI 685, 969, 1015, 1016, 1027
Coleoptera - Chrysomelidae	Donaciinae indet.¹⁵ Donaciinae indet.¹⁵ Kirby 1837 leaf beetle SMF MeI 181, 327
Coleoptera - Brentidae	Brentidae indet.¹⁵ Brentidae indet.¹⁵ Billberg 1820 weevil SMF MeI 248
Coleoptera - Apionidae	Apionidae indet.¹⁵ Apionidae indet.¹⁵ Schoenherr 1823 weevil SMF MeI 604
Coleoptera - Psephenidae	Eubrianacinae "indet. 1"³⁵ Eubrianacinae "indet. 1"³⁵ Jacobson 1913 water penny beetle "range from 5 m below to 5 m above marker alpha"
Coleoptera - Staphylinidae	Staphylinidae indet.¹⁵ Staphylinidae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 rove beetle SMF MeI 744, 919
Coleoptera - Hydrophilidae	Hydrophilina indet.⁹, Hydrochara sp.⁹, Hydrophilus sp.⁹, Hydrobiomorpha "sp. 1"⁹, Hydrobiomorpha eopalpalis⁹ Hydrophilina indet.⁹ Latreille 1802 water scavenger beetle SMF MeI 3903, 8114, 11236 Hydrochara sp.⁹ Berthold 1827 water scavenger beetle SMF MeI 249, 1766, 5069, 6591, 7837 Hydrophilus sp.⁹ Geoffroy 1762 water scavenger beetle SMF MeI 806, 1524, 4648, 8936, 11127, 11804, 14052 Hydrobiomorpha "sp. 1"⁹ Blackburn 1888 water scavenger beetle SMF MeI 5085, 10530 Hydrobiomorpha eopalpalis⁹ Fikáček et al. 2010 water scavenger beetle SMF MeI 459, 3893, 3923, 4204, 4272, 4445, 5040, 5577, 7331, 8590, 8801, 8944, 10662, 12304, 14099, 14101, 14614
Coleoptera - Geotrupidae	Geotrupinae indet.¹⁵ Geotrupinae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 earth-boring dung beetle SMF MeI 660
Coleoptera - Scarabaeidae	Onitini indet.¹⁵, Onthophagini indet.¹⁵ Onitini indet.¹⁵ Laporte 1840 scarab beetle SMF MeI 172 (similar to Onitis) Onthophagini indet.¹⁵ Burmeister 1846 scarab beetle SMF MeI 646 (similar to Onthophagus)
Coleoptera - Lucanidae	Lampriminae indet.¹⁵, Protognathinus spielbergi n. gen. n. sp.⁴, aff. Dorcus sp.¹⁵ Lampriminae indet.¹⁵ MacLeay 1819 stag beetle SMF MeI 3, 75, 177, 199, 313, 458, 520, 745, 811, 1072, 1131, 1174, 1549 Protognathinus spielbergi n. gen. n. sp.⁴ Chalumeau and Brochier 2001 stag beetle Specimen illustrated in Feb. 2000 National Geographic magazine aff. Dorcus sp.¹⁵ MacLeay 1819 stag beetle SMF MeI 711
Coleoptera - Carabidae	Carabidae indet.¹⁵, Scaritinae indet.¹⁵ Carabidae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 ground beetle SMF MeI 128, 307, 359, 372, 437, 477, 737, 858, 862 Scaritinae indet.¹⁵ Bonelli 1810 ground beetle SMF MeI 126, 707, 1170
Strepsiptera - Myrmecolacidae	Stichotrema sp.¹³ Stichotrema sp.¹³ Hofeneder 1910 twisted-winged parasite SMF-MeI 196b, c parasite of Camponotus
Hymenoptera -	Apocrita indet.¹⁵ Apocrita indet.¹⁵ Gerstaecker 1867 wasp SMF MeI 111, 203, 588, 589, 593, 595, 647, 680, 766
Hymenoptera - Braconidae	Braconidae indet.¹⁵ Braconidae indet.¹⁵ Nees ab Esenbeck 1811 wasp SMF MeI 1021, 1205
Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae	Ichneumonidae indet.¹⁵ Ichneumonidae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 ichneumon wasp SMF MeI 195, 594
Hymenoptera - Sphecidae	Sphecidae indet.¹⁵ Sphecidae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 digger wasp SMF MeI 319, 1107
Hymenoptera - Apidae	"Protobombus messelensis n. sp." = Protobombus (Protobombus) messelensis³³, Electrapis sp.³⁴, "Anthophoridae indet." = Anthophorini¹⁵ "Protobombus messelensis n. sp." = Protobombus (Protobombus) messelensis³³ Wappler and Engel 2003 bee SMF MeI 6388 Electrapis sp.³⁴ Cockerell 1908 bee FIS MeI 3300, 10890, 12151 "Anthophoridae indet." = Anthophorini¹⁵ Kirby 1837 bee SMF MeI 222
Hymenoptera - Scoliidae	Scoliidae indet.¹⁵ Scoliidae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 hairy flower wasp SMF MeI 1500
Hymenoptera -	Vespoidea indet.¹⁵ Vespoidea indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 wasp SMF MeI 427, 548, 651
Hymenoptera - Tiphiidae	Tiphiidae indet.¹⁵ Tiphiidae indet.¹⁵ Leach 1815 wasp SMF MeI 397, 513
Hymenoptera - Formicidae	Formicidae indet.¹⁵, Pseudectatomma striatula n. sp.⁸, Pseudectatomma eocenica n. gen. n. sp.⁸, Dolichoderinae indet.¹⁵, Ponerinae indet.⁸, Pachycondyla petiolosa n. sp.⁸, "Pachycondyla minuta n. sp." = Pachycondyla parvula⁸, Pachycondyla lutzi n. sp.⁸, Pachycondyla eocenica n. sp.⁸, ? Pachycondyla messeliana n. sp.⁸, Pachycondyla petrosa n. sp.⁸, Cephalopone grandis n. sp.⁸, Cephalopone potens n. gen. n. sp.⁸, Messelepone leptogenoides n. gen. n. sp.⁸, Protopone magna n. sp.⁸, Protopone germanica n. sp.⁸, ? Protopone dubia n. sp.⁸, Protopone vetula n. sp.⁸, Protopone sepulta n. sp.⁸, Protopone oculata n. sp.⁸, Cyrtopone curiosa n. sp.⁸, Cyrtopone microcephala n. gen. n. sp.⁸, Cyrtopone striata n. sp.⁸, Cyrtopone elongata n. sp.⁸, Formicinae indet.¹⁵, Oecophylla longiceps n. sp.⁶, Camponotus sp.¹³, Gesomyrmex pulcher n. sp.⁷, "Gesomyrmex curiosus n. sp." = Gesomyrmex hoernesi⁷, Gesomyrmex breviceps n. sp.⁷, Casaleia eocenica n. sp.⁸, Myrmicinae indet.¹⁵, Archimyrmex wedmannae n. sp.⁵, "Formicium giganteum n. sp." = Titanomyrma gigantea¹⁴, "Formicium simillimum n. sp." = Titanomyrma simillima¹⁴ Formicidae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 ant SMF MeI 192, 1165, 57, 196, 198, 202, 549, 953, 1117, 113, 161, 428, 514, 515, 547, 599, 768, 1039, 1094, 1208 Pseudectatomma striatula n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 5762, 8153, 10798 Pseudectatomma eocenica n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 400 Dolichoderinae indet.¹⁵ Forel 1878 ant SMF MeI 321, 429, 1098, 1206 Ponerinae indet.⁸ Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau 1835 ant FIS MeI 202, 662, 7055, 7222, 7369, 7751, 7758, 8298, 8551, 10805, 11007, 12307, 12377, 12628, 12641, 13220, 13339, 13585, 13802 Pachycondyla petiolosa n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 1893, 1427 "Pachycondyla minuta n. sp." = Pachycondyla parvula⁸ Dlussky et al. 2015 ant FIS MeI 10638, 10167, 12250, 10093, 13789, 14219 Pachycondyla lutzi n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 11958, 11481, 1361, 3553, 2078, 10526, 11679, 10564, 12975, 13507 Pachycondyla eocenica n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 10889, 8710 ? Pachycondyla messeliana n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 4744 Pachycondyla petrosa n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 12273 Cephalopone grandis n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 5361 Cephalopone potens n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 10860, 11830 Messelepone leptogenoides n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 4808, 7198 Protopone magna n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 8790, 8789 Protopone germanica n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 10841, 12360 ? Protopone dubia n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 10142 Protopone vetula n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 7679 Protopone sepulta n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 5329 Protopone oculata n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 2334 Cyrtopone curiosa n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 6075 Cyrtopone microcephala n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 2407 Cyrtopone striata n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 1392 Cyrtopone elongata n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 10167 Formicinae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 ant SMF MeI 56, 122a-c, 468, 890, 923, 1204, 17, 314, 317, 320, 512, 561, 603, 654, 803, 812, 814, 909, 962, 963, 1108 Oecophylla longiceps n. sp.⁶ Dlussky et al. 2008 weaver ant Camponotus sp.¹³ Mayr 1861 ant SMF-MeI 196 host of Stichotrema Gesomyrmex pulcher n. sp.⁷ Dlussky et al. 2009 ant SMF MeI 10999 "Gesomyrmex curiosus n. sp." = Gesomyrmex hoernesi⁷ Mayr 1868 ant SMF MeI 11953 Gesomyrmex breviceps n. sp.⁷ Dlussky et al. 2009 ant SMF MeI 2305, 11054, 13151 Casaleia eocenica n. sp.⁸ Dlussky and Wedmann 2012 ant FIS MeI 5565 Myrmicinae indet.¹⁵ Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau 1835 ant SMF MeI 456, 517, 815, 929 Archimyrmex wedmannae n. sp.⁵ Dlussky 2012 bulldog ant SMF Mel 2016 "Formicium giganteum n. sp." = Titanomyrma gigantea¹⁴ Lutz 1986 ant "Formicium simillimum n. sp." = Titanomyrma simillima¹⁴ Lutz 1986 ant 26 in Lutz 1986; SMF MeI 1548a-c in Lutz 1990
Hymenoptera - Chalcididae	Chalcididae indet.¹⁵ Chalcididae indet.¹⁵ Leach 1815 chalcid wasp SMF MeI 1207
Hymenoptera -	Proctotrupoidea indet.¹⁵ Proctotrupoidea indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 wasp SMF MeI 596
Hemiptera -	? Auchenorrhyncha indet.¹⁵, Cicadomorpha indet.¹⁵ ? Auchenorrhyncha indet.¹⁵ true bug SMF MeI 1211 Cicadomorpha indet.¹⁵ Evans 1946 true bug SMF MeI 204, 295, 524, 566, 816, 1160, 1209, 1210
Hemiptera - Membracidae	? Membracidae indet.¹⁵ ? Membracidae indet.¹⁵ Rafinesque 1815 treehopper SMF MeI 114
Hemiptera - Cicadidae	Cicadidae indet.¹⁵ Cicadidae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 cicada SMF MeI 97, 127, 739, 743, 744, 943, 944, 1046, 1213
Hemiptera - Diaspididae	Aspidiotinae "indet. 1"³² Aspidiotinae "indet. 1"³² Ferris 1942 armoured scale insect FIS SM.B Me 3958
Hemiptera - Pentatomidae	Pentatomidae indet.¹⁵ Pentatomidae indet.¹⁵ Leach 1815 stink bug SMF MeI 649
Hemiptera - Cydnidae	Cydnidae indet.¹⁵ Cydnidae indet.¹⁵ Billberg 1820 burrowing bug SMF MeI 79
Hemiptera - Miridae	Miridae indet.¹⁵ Miridae indet.¹⁵ Hahn 1833 plant bug SMF MeI 132, 306, 522, 1095
Hemiptera - Dictyopharidae	Wedelphus dichopteroides n. gen. n. sp.³¹ Wedelphus dichopteroides n. gen. n. sp.³¹ Szwedo and Wappler 2006 planthopper SMF Mel 1512
Diptera -	Nematocera indet.¹⁵, Tipuloidea indet.¹⁵, Brachycera indet.¹⁵, Tabanomorpha indet.¹⁵ Nematocera indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1825 fly SMF MeI 677 Tipuloidea indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 crane fly SMF MeI 1217 (Tipulidae or Limoniidae) Brachycera indet.¹⁵ Zetterstedt 1842 fly SMF MeI 652 Tabanomorpha indet.¹⁵ Hennig 1948 fly SMF MeI 1218 (Rhagionidae or Athericidae)
Diptera - Tabanidae	Tabanidae indet.¹⁵ Tabanidae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 horse fly SMF MeI 653
Diptera - Syrphidae	Syrphidae indet.¹⁵ Syrphidae indet.¹⁵ Latreille 1802 hover fly SMF MeI 1338
Reptilia
Testudines -	Testudinoidea indet.¹², "Ocadia kehreri n. sp." = Euroemys kehreri¹² Testudinoidea indet.¹² Gray 1825 turtle Fragments labelled SMF-Me-R109 (but not including the type) listed by Staesche 1928 under Ocadia kehreri "Ocadia kehreri n. sp." = Euroemys kehreri¹² Staesche 1928 turtle Type SMF-Me-R109 (in part). Additional material coll. SMF-Me : 172, 1557a, 202, 717a, 1457, 1458a, 2764, 1564, 1679, 1782 (Pl. 3, Figs. D et E), 1340 (Schaal et Ziegler, 1988 : Figs. 160 et 161) (Pl. 3, Figs.A et B), 1797, 1807, 2100, 2761, 2767, 3002
Testudines - Geoemydidae	Geoemydidae indet.¹ Geoemydidae indet.¹ Theobald 1868 turtle SMF ME-3495, undetermined “ptychogasterid”
Testudines -	"Ocadia messeliana" = Francellia messeliana¹² "Ocadia messeliana" = Francellia messeliana¹² Staesche 1928 turtle SMF-Me 2607, 2776, 1221
Squamata - Palaeovaranidae	"Saniwa feisti n. sp." = Paranecrosaurus feisti "Saniwa feisti n. sp." = Paranecrosaurus feisti Stritzke 1983 squamates SMF ME-A 160
Squamata - Eolacertidae	Stefanikia siderea n. gen. n. sp.³ Stefanikia siderea n. gen. n. sp.³ Čerňanský and Smith 2017 squamates Holotype: SMF ME 11241, a nearly complete skeleton, lacking only the distal portion of the tail.
Squamata -	Ornatocephalus metzleri n. gen. n. sp.², Messelopython freyi n. gen. n. sp.³⁶ Ornatocephalus metzleri n. gen. n. sp.² Weber 2004 squamates SMF ME 3516 (holotype), articulated specimen Messelopython freyi n. gen. n. sp.³⁶ Zaher and Smith 2020 snake Holotype: SMNK-PAL 461, nearly complete skeleton with partial skull; SMF-ME 710, nearly complete skeleton with a badly crushed skull; SMF-ME 2784, a nearly complete skeleton with a skull; HLMD-Be 165, a nearly complete skeleton with a partial skull
Squamata - Boidae	Messelophis variatus n. gen. n. sp.²⁸, "Messelophis ermannorum n. sp." = Rieppelophis ermannorum²⁹ Messelophis variatus n. gen. n. sp.²⁸ Baszio 2004 boa see Baszio 2004. SMF ME 1828a, 1828b, articulated nearly complete skeleton and ME 1828c (holotype of three parts), four isolated vertebrae "Messelophis ermannorum n. sp." = Rieppelophis ermannorum²⁹ Schaal and Baszio 2004 snake see Schaal and Baszio 2004. SMF ME 1812 (holotype), five trunk vertebrae
Squamata -	"Palaeopython fischeri n. sp." = Eoconstrictor fischeri³⁰ "Palaeopython fischeri n. sp." = Eoconstrictor fischeri³⁰ Schaal 2004 snake SMF-ME 929
Crocodylia -	"Baryphracta deponiae n. gen. n. sp." = Diplocynodon deponiae¹⁰ "Baryphracta deponiae n. gen. n. sp." = Diplocynodon deponiae¹⁰ Frey et al. 1987 crocodilian SMF ME 899 (skeleton exposed in left lateral and ventral views); referred specimens: SMF ME 1114 (exposing the left lateral and ventral sides); SMF ME 1348 (juvenile, exposing the left lateral and ventral sides) and SMF ME 2609 (exposing the dorsal side)
Aves
Aves -	Aves "indet. E"²⁵, Aves "indet. F"²⁵, Aves "indet. D"²⁵, Aves "indet. C"²⁵ Aves "indet. E"²⁵ bird SMF-ME 1231, "unknown genus and species E" Aves "indet. F"²⁵ bird SMF-ME 11286, "unknown genus and species F" Aves "indet. D"²⁵ bird SMF-ME 707A+B, "unknown genus and species D" Aves "indet. C"²⁵ bird SMF-ME 11607, "unknown genus and species C"
- Psittacopedidae	Pumiliornis tessellatus n. gen. n. sp.¹⁷ Pumiliornis tessellatus n. gen. n. sp.¹⁷ Mayr 1999 bird SMF ME 2092A/B
Upupiformes - Messelirrisoridae	Messelirrisor grandis¹⁸ Messelirrisor grandis¹⁸ Mayr 2000 bird referred specimen in the SMF collection
Leptosomiformes -	Plesiocathartes kelleri n. sp.¹⁹ Plesiocathartes kelleri n. sp.¹⁹ Mayr 2002 bird SMF-MF. 3639
Neornithes -	Perplexicervix microcephalon n. gen. n. sp.²⁴ Perplexicervix microcephalon n. gen. n. sp.²⁴ Mayr 2010 bird from "Messel": type in the SMF collection
Coraciiformes -	Primobucco frugilegus n. sp.²⁶ Primobucco frugilegus n. sp.²⁶ Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2004 bird from "Messel": type in the SMF collection
Neornithes -	Protocypselomorphus manfredkelleri n. gen. n. sp.²³ Protocypselomorphus manfredkelleri n. gen. n. sp.²³ Mayr 2005 bird from "Messel": type in the SMF collection
Coliiformes - Coliidae	Chascacocolius cacicirostris n. sp.²⁰, Selmes absurdipes n. gen. n. sp.²⁸ Chascacocolius cacicirostris n. sp.²⁰ Mayr 2005 mousebird from "Messel": type in the SMF collection Selmes absurdipes n. gen. n. sp.²⁸ Peters 1999 mousebird SFM-ME 2375
Trogoniformes - Trogonidae	? Primotrogon pumilio n. sp.²¹ ? Primotrogon pumilio n. sp.²¹ Mayr 2005 trogon from "Messel": SMNS collection
Strigiformes - Strigidae	Palaeoglaux artophoron n. sp.²⁷, Strigogyps sp.²⁵ Palaeoglaux artophoron n. sp.²⁷ Peters 1992 true owl SMF-ME 1144 A and B Strigogyps sp.²⁵ Gaillard 1908 true owl SMF-ME 1645A+B
Gruiformes -	Gruiformes "indet. B"²⁵, Gruiformes "indet. A"²⁵ Gruiformes "indet. B"²⁵ bird SMF-ME 11606, "unknown genus and species B" Gruiformes "indet. A"²⁵ bird SMF-ME 778, "unknown genus and species A"
Gruiformes - Idiornithidae	cf. Dynamopterus sp.²⁵ cf. Dynamopterus sp.²⁵ Milne-Edward 1891 bird SMF-ME 1577
Neornithes - Fluvioviridavidae	Eurofluvioviridavis robustipes n. gen. n. sp.²² Eurofluvioviridavis robustipes n. gen. n. sp.²² Mayr 2005 bird from "Messel": skull in the SMF collection

Strisores -	Paraprefica kelleri n. gen. n. sp.¹⁶ Paraprefica kelleri n. gen. n. sp.¹⁶ Mayr 1999 SMF-ME 3376
Sagrinae
- Sagrinae	Sagrinae indet.¹⁵ Sagrinae indet.¹⁵ Leach 1815 frog-legged beetle SMF MeI 31, 153, 218, 259, 302, 388, 519, 551, 715, 731, 823, 827, 828, 843, 851, 884, 955, 959, 966, 1018, 1080, 1085, 1113, 1162, 1194

¹Ascarrunz and Joyce 2024; ²Augé 2005; ³Čerňanský and Smith 2017; ⁴Chalumeau and Brochier 2001; ⁵Dlussky 2012; ⁶Dlussky et al. 2008; ⁷Dlussky et al. 2009; ⁸Dlussky and Wedmann 2012; ⁹Fikáček et al. 2010; ¹⁰Frey et al. 1987; ¹¹Garrouste and Nel 2015; ¹²Hervet 2004; ¹³Kinzelbach and Pohl 1994; ¹⁴Lutz 1986; ¹⁵Lutz 1990; ¹⁶Mayr 1999; ¹⁷Mayr 1999; ¹⁸Mayr 2000; ¹⁹Mayr 2002; ²⁰Mayr 2005; ²¹Mayr 2005; ²²Mayr 2005; ²³Mayr 2005; ²⁴Mayr 2010; ²⁵Mayr 2016; ²⁶Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2004; ²⁷Peters 1992; ²⁸Peters 1999; ²⁹Scanferla et al. 2016; ³⁰Schaal 2004; ³¹Szwedo and Wappler 2006; ³²Wappler and Ben-Dov 2008; ³³Wappler and Engel 2003; ³⁴Wappler et al. 2015; ³⁵Wedmann et al. 2011; ³⁶Zaher and Smith 2020