Also known as Mahendra Highway
Where: Nepal (27.8° N, 82.8° E: paleocoordinates 22.3° N, 82.9° E)
• coordinate based on nearby landmark
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Siwalik Group, Miocene to Miocene (23.0 - 2.6 Ma)
• group-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: fluvial; lithology not reported
Size class: macrofossils
Preservation: mold/impression
Primary reference: M. Prasad. 2008. Angiospermous fossil leaves from the Siwalik foreland basins and their palaeoclimatic implications. The Palaeobotanist 57:177-215 [B. Allen/B. Allen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis
PaleoDB collection 222975: authorized by Bethany Allen, entered by Bethany Allen on 01.11.2021, edited by Grace Varnham and Philip Mannion
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Reptilia | |
"Bataguridae indet." = Batagurinae, Omegachelys sahnii
"Bataguridae indet." = Batagurinae Gray 1870 turtle NHM/TU 1989/40 (pleural); NHM/TU 1989 (pleural); NHM/TU 1989/ (nuchal)
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Testudinidae indet. Batsch 1788 turtle NHM/TU 1989/C (peripheral fragment); NHM/TU 1989/D (distal part of first pleural)
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Angiospermae | |
Machilus miocenica Prasad and Pandey 2008 laurel
Cinnamomum nepalensis Prasad and Pandey 2008 cinnamon
Actinodaphne palaeoangustifolia Antal and Awasthi 1993 laurel | |
"Clinogyne ovatus" = Donax ovatus
"Clinogyne ovatus" = Donax ovatus Awasthi and Prasad 1990 arrowroot | |
Bambusa siwalika Awasthi and Prasad 1990 bamboo | |
Caryota siwalica Awasthi and Prasad 1990 fishtail palm | |
Cocculus miotrilobus Prasad and Pandey 2008 | |
Ancistrocladus suraikholaensis n. sp. Prasad and Pandey 2008 | |
Olax bankasii Prasad and Pandey 2008 | |
Wrightia palaeotinctoria Prasad and Awasthi 1996 dogbane
Chonemorpha miocenica Prasad and Awasthi 1996 dogbane | |
Anthocephalus siwalica Prasad and Awasthi 1996 coffee
Randia palaeofasciculata Prasad and Awasthi 1996 indigoberry
Diplospora siwalica Prasad and Awasthi 1996 coffee | |
Xylosma nepalensis, Hydnocarpus siwalicus, Hydnocarpus chorkholaensis, Flacourtia nepalensis, Flacourtia tertiara
Xylosma nepalensis Prasad and Pandey 2008 brushholly
Hydnocarpus siwalicus Prasad and Awasthi 1996
Hydnocarpus chorkholaensis Prasad and Awasthi 1996
Flacourtia nepalensis Awasthi and Prasad 1990
Flacourtia tertiara Prasad and Awasthi 1996 | |
Dicotyledoneae | |
Syzygium palaeocuminii Prasad and Awasthi 1996 bush cherry | |
Duabanga siwalica Prasad and Pandey 2008 | |
Terminalia panandhroensis Lahkanpal and Guleria 1978
Terminalia palaeochebula Awasthi and Prasad 1990 | |
Myrsine precapitellata Prasad and Pandey 2008 | |
Diospyros miocenicus Prasad and Awasthi 1996
Diospyros miokaki Awasthi and Prasad 1990 | |
Angiospermae | |
Rourea palaeorugosa Prasad and Pandey 2008 | |
Anisophyllea siwalica Prasad and Awasthi 1996 | |
Albizia siwalica, Albizia microfolia, Cynometra palaeoiripa, Bauhinia nepalensis, Millettia palaeoracemosa, Millettia koilabasensis, Millettia churiensis, Millettia palaeocubithii, Pterocarpus dalbergiocarpoides, Entada palaeoscandens, Mucuna miogigantea, Pongamia kailakholaensis, Koompassia suraikholaensis n. sp.
Albizia siwalica Prasad 1994 legume
Albizia microfolia Prasad and Awasthi 1996 legume
Cynometra palaeoiripa Prasad et al. 2004 legume
Bauhinia nepalensis Awasthi and Prasad 1990 legume
Millettia palaeoracemosa Awasthi and Prasad 1990 legume
Millettia koilabasensis Prasad 1990 legume
Millettia churiensis Prasad and Awasthi 1996 legume
Millettia palaeocubithii Awasthi and Prasad 1990 legume
Pterocarpus dalbergiocarpoides Prasad and Awasthi 1996 legume
Entada palaeoscandens Antal and Awasthi 1993 legume
Mucuna miogigantea Prasad and Pandey 2008 legume
Pongamia kailakholaensis Prasad and Awasthi 1996 legume
Koompassia suraikholaensis n. sp. Prasad and Awasthi 1996 legume | |
Ochna siwalika Prasad and Pandey 2008 bird's-eye bush | |
Bridelia mioretusa, Bridelia siwalica, Cleistanthus suraikholaensis n. sp., Mallotus kalimpongensis, Mallotus venkatachalai, Excoecaria palaeocrenulata, Breynia prerhamnoides, Phyllanthus palaeoreticulatus
Bridelia mioretusa Prasad and Pandey 2008 spurge
Bridelia siwalica Prasad and Pandey 2008 spurge
Cleistanthus suraikholaensis n. sp. Prasad and Awasthi 1996 spurge
Mallotus kalimpongensis Antal and Awasthi 1993 spurge
Mallotus venkatachalai Prasad 1994 spurge
Excoecaria palaeocrenulata Awasthi and Prasad 1990 spurge
Breynia prerhamnoides Awasthi and Prasad 1990 spurge
Phyllanthus palaeoreticulatus Prasad and Awasthi 1996 spurge | |
Ctenolophon chorkholaensis Prasad and Pandey 2008 | |
Calophyllum suraikholaensis n. sp. Awasthi and Prasad 1990
Mesua tertiara Lakhanpal 1964
Garcinia corvinusiana Prasad and Pandey 2008 mangosteen | |
Stigmaphyllon chorkholaensis Prasad and Pandey 2008 amazonvine | |
Dipterocarpus suraikholaensis n. sp., Dipterocarpus siwalicus, Shorea palaeostellata, Vatica nepalensis
Dipterocarpus suraikholaensis n. sp. Prasad and Pandey 2008
Dipterocarpus siwalicus Lakhanpal and Guleria 1987
Shorea palaeostellata Prasad and Pandey 2008
Vatica nepalensis Prasad and Pandey 2008 | |
Sterculia mioensifolia Prasad and Pandey 2008 tropical chestnut
Sterculia premontana Prasad and Pandey 2006 tropical chestnut | |
Bouea koilabasensis, Swintonia miocenica, Swintonia palaeoschwenckii, Mangifera suraikholaensis n. sp., Mangifera someshwarica, Gluta siwalica
Bouea koilabasensis Prasad 1994 cashew
Swintonia miocenica Awasthi and Prasad 1990 cashew
Swintonia palaeoschwenckii Prasad and Awasthi 1996 cashew
Mangifera suraikholaensis n. sp. Prasad and Pandey 2008 mango
Mangifera someshwarica Lakhanpal and Awasthi 1984 mango
Gluta siwalica Awasthi and Prasad 1990 cashew | |
Toona siwalica Awasthi and Lakhanpal 1990 mahogany
Chukrasia miocenica Prasad 1994 mahogany
Dysoxylum raptiensis Prasad and Awasthi 1996 mahogany
Chisocheton suraikholaensis n. sp. Prasad and Pandey 2008 mahogany | |
Murraya khariensis Lakhanpal and Guleria 1982 citrus
Zanthoxylum siwalicum Prasad and Awasthi 1996 prickly ash | |
Euphorea siwalica Prasad 1994 soapberry
Xerospermum mioglabratum Prasad and Pandey 2008 soapberry
Harpullia siwalica Prasad and Awasthi 1996 tulipwood | |
Ficus raptiensis Prasad and Awasthi 1996 fig
Artocarpus nepalensis Prasad and Awasthi 1996 mulberry | |
Polyalthia palaeosiamiarum Awasthi and Prasad 1990 custard apple
Goniothalamus chorkholaensis Prasad and Awasthi 1996 custard apple
Mitrephora siwalika Antal and Awasthi 1993 custard apple | |
Myristica palaeoglomerata Awasthi and Prasad 1990 magnoliids |