Holocystitid-Coronoid Assoc., Upper Osgood Shale (Silurian of the United States)
Where: Indiana (39.1° N, 85.3° W: paleocoordinates 27.2° S, 52.4° W)
• coordinate based on political unit
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Kockelella ranuliformis conodont zone, Osgood Shale Formation, Sheinwoodian (433.4 - 430.5 Ma)
• "?Late Llandoverian (?C6) to middle Wenlockian. Upper Osgood Shale." PJW: Upper part of Osgood is Kockelella ranuliformis zone.
• member-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: deep subtidal; shelly/skeletal, calcareous mudstone and shelly/skeletal grainstone
• "echinoderm attachment structures common...debris piles...trilobites seldom intact...echinoderm crowns very rare...The community most likely represents BA 4-5 deposited below normal wave base but subject to sporadic storm disturbance. The deep end of the spectrum is perhaps most likely, as other similar communities have rare ischaditids or other large green algae, but these have not been found here."
• "The common lithology is a calcareous, predominantly siliciclastic mudstone with variable amounts of skeletal debris. In some areas, echinoderm or bryozoan packstones to grainstones and boundstones are dominant, usually extending laterally no more than a few meters. Irregular lumps of algal limestone...are often surrounded by rocks with the textures noted above..."
Size class: macrofossils
Collection methods: Abundances given in table 45.43, combining a number of localities.
Primary reference: T. J. Frest, C. E. Brett, and B. J. Witzke. 1999. Caradocian-Gedinnian echinoderm associations of Central and Eastern North America. Paleocommunities--a case study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian 638-783 [M. Foote/K. Koverman/P. Wagner]more details
Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis
PaleoDB collection 26805: authorized by Michael Foote, entered by Michael Foote on 01.11.2002, edited by Björn Kröger
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Show authors, comments, and common names
| unclassified | |
| Trilobita | |
|
Arctinurus sp. Castelnau 1843 trilobite | |
|
Calymenidae sp. Milne-Edwards 1840 trilobite | |
|
Dalmanites sp. Barrande 1852 trilobite | |
|
Illaenus sp. Dalman 1827 trilobite | |
| Cephalopoda | |
|
Dawsonoceras sp. Hyatt 1884 | |
|
Nautiloidea indet. Agassiz 1847 nautiloid | |
| Gastropoda | |
|
Cyclonema sp. Hall 1852 snail
Platyostoma "sp. 1" Conrad 1842 snail
Platyostoma "sp. 2" Conrad 1842 snail
Platyostoma "sp. 3" Conrad 1842 snail | |
"Bellerophontacea indet." = Bellerophontoidea
"Bellerophontacea indet." = Bellerophontoidea M'Coy 1851 snail | |
| Rostroconchia | |
|
Mulceodens cf. jaanussoni Pojeta and Runnegar 1976 | |
| Bryozoa | |
|
Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831 | |
| Stenolaemata | |
|
Corynotrypa dissimilis Vine 1881 | |
|
Phaenopora ensiformis Hall 1852 | |
| Chileata | |
|
Dictyonella cf. reticulata Hall 1868 | |
| Strophomenata | |
"Coolinia subplana" = Fardenia (Coolinia)
"Coolinia subplana" = Fardenia (Coolinia) | |
|
Leangella sp. Opik 1933 | |
|
? Eoplectodonta sp. Kozlowski 1929
Eoplectodonta (Eoplectodonta) sp. Kozlowski 1929 | |
|
? Protochonetes sp. Muir-Wood 1962 | |
|
Leptaena "rhomboidalis" Wahlenberg 1818 | |
|
Mesoleptostrophia sp. Harper and Boucot 1978 | |
| Rhynchonellata | |
|
Ferganella sp. Nikiforova 1937 | |
|
Rhynchotreta cf. americana Hall 1879 | |
|
Plectatrypa sp. Schuchert and Cooper 1930
Atrypa "reticularis" Linnaeus 1758 | |
|
Atrypina cf. disparilis Hall 1852 | |
|
Anastrophia (Savageina) sp. Hall 1867 | |
|
? Clorinda sp. Barrande 1879 | |
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Orthida indet. Schuchert and Cooper 1932 | |
|
Dalejina "hybrida" Sowerby 1839 | |
|
Resserella sp. Bancroft 1928 | |
|
Dicoelosia sp. King 1850 | |
|
"? Schizoramma sp." = Schizonema
Hesperorthis sp. Schuchert and Cooper 1931
Ptychopleurella sp. Schuchert and Cooper 1931 | |
"Platystrophia cf. biforata" = Platystrophia biforatus
"Platystrophia cf. biforata" = Platystrophia biforatus Schlotheim 1820 | |
|
Howellella "crispa" Hisinger 1827 | |
|
Striispirifer sp. Cooper and Muir-Wood 1951
Eospirifer radiatus Sowerby 1834
Hedeina sp. Boucot 1957 | |
|
Skenidioides sp. Schuchert and Cooper 1931 | |
|
Merista sp. Suess 1851 | |
|
Nucleospira sp. Hall 1859 | |
| Craniata | |
| unclassified | |
|
Echinodermata indet. Klein 1754 | |
| Cyclocystoidea | |
|
Sievertsia sp. Smith and Paul 1982 | |
| Echinoidea | |
|
Echinoidea indet. Leske 1778 sea urchin | |
| Asteroidea | |
|
| |
Trematocystis magniporatus, Pentacystis gibsoni, Holocystites (Holocystites) scutellatus, "Holocystites (Holocystites) abnormis" = Holocystites (Megacystites) abnormis, Holocystites (Holocystites) clavus, Holocystites (Holocystites) ovatus, Holocystites (Holocystites) alternatus, Paulicystis sparsus, Paulicystis densus
Trematocystis magniporatus Frest et al. 2011
Pentacystis gibsoni Frest et al. 2011
Holocystites (Holocystites) scutellatus Hall 1864
"Holocystites (Holocystites) abnormis" = Holocystites (Megacystites) abnormis Hall 1864
Holocystites (Holocystites) alternatus Hall 1861
Paulicystis sparsus Frest et al. 2011
Paulicystis densus Frest et al. 2011 | |
|
Triamara ventricosa Miller 1879 | |
| Blastoidea | |
|
| |
Stephanocrinus cornetti, Stephanocrinus obpyramidalis, "Stephanocrinus" elongatus, "Stephanocrinus" quinquepartitus, Cupulocorona hammeli, Cupulocorona osgoodensis, Cupulocorona gemmiformis
Stephanocrinus cornetti blastoid
Stephanocrinus obpyramidalis blastoid
"Stephanocrinus" elongatus blastoid
"Stephanocrinus" quinquepartitus blastoid
Cupulocorona hammeli blastoid
Cupulocorona osgoodensis blastoid
Cupulocorona gemmiformis Hall 1872 blastoid | |
Lysocystites sp. n. sp.
Lysocystites sp. n. sp. blastoid | |
|
Decaschisma sp. Fay 1961 blastoid | |
Callocystites sp. n. sp.
Callocystites sp. n. sp. Hall 1852 | |
| Rhombifera | |
|
| |
|
Gomphocystites indianensis Miller 1889 | |
| Crinoidea | |
Botryocrinus sp. n. sp.
Botryocrinus sp. n. sp. Angelin 1878 Sea lily | |
|
Thalamocrinus sp. Miller and Gurley 1895 Sea lily | |
Cyathocrinites sp. n. sp.
Cyathocrinites sp. n. sp. Miller 1821 Sea lily | |
|
Lecanocrinus (Lecanocrinus) sp. Sea lily | |
|
Eohalysiocrinus sp. n. sp. Prokop 1970 Sea lily | |
|
Paracolocrinus paradoxicus Sea lily | |
|
| |
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Myelodactylus sp. Hall 1852 Sea lily | |
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Pisocrinus (Pisocrinus) gemmiformis Sea lily | |
|
Macrostylocrinus sp. Sea lily | |
|
Melocrinites sp. Goldfuss 1831 Sea lily | |
Hirneacrinus sp. n. sp.
Hirneacrinus sp. n. sp. Frest and Strimple 1977 Sea lily | |
|
Periechocrinus sp. Morris 1843 Sea lily | |
|
Eucalyptocrinites sp. Goldfuss 1831 Sea lily | |
|
Lyriocrinus sp. Hall 1852 Sea lily | |
| Anthozoa | |
|
Tabulata indet. tabulate coral | |
|
Favosites "sp. 1" Lamarck 1816 tabulate coral
Favosites "sp. 2" Lamarck 1816 tabulate coral
Favosites "sp. 3" Lamarck 1816 tabulate coral | |
|
Rugosa "indet. 1" horn coral
Rugosa "indet. 2" horn coral | |
| Heteractinida | |
|
Astraeospongium sp. Roemer 1860 | |
| Hexactinellida | |
|
Vaurealispongia sp. Rigby 1974 glass sponge | |