Parent taxon: Cephalopoda according to A. Pohle et al. 2022
See also Adegoke 1977, Boyle and Rodhouse 2005, Evans 2005, Evans 2011, Harris and Palmer 1947, Landman et al. 2007, Lehmann et al. 2016, Martin 1904, Squires 1984, Sweet 1958, Teichert et al. 1964 and Wells and Houston 2001
Sister taxa: Actinoceratoidea, Akidocheilus, Ammonoidea, Anomalosaepiidae, Avramidiscus, Barrandeocerida, Belosaepia, Burronoceras, Coleoidea, Dartoceras, Davidiceras, Desmoceras, Didymoceras, Ectocochlia, Ellesmerocerida, Endoceratoidea, Endocycloceratidae, Erlangericheilus, Gonatocheilus, Hadrocheilus, Irianoceras, Lamellaptychus, Leptocheilus, Mesoteuthoidea, Multiceratoidea, Nautilia, Nautilus (Solenochilus), Ohioceratidae, Orthoceratoidea, Orthoceratoidea, Palaeoteuthis, Plectronoceratia, Plectronocerida, Rhyncholithes, Rhynchoteuthis, Robsonoceratidae, Scaptorrhynchus, Sichunoceras, Stemtonoceratidae, Tarphyceratia, Teratoceroides, Tetrabranchiata, Tillicheilus, Werthenoceras, Yanhecerida
Subtaxa: Actinoceratina Ascoceratina Barrandeoceratida Basslerocerida Discosorina Endoceratina Eudoceratidae Gyroceras Michelinoceratina Oncoceratina Orthochoanites Sueroceras Tarphyceratina
Ecology: fast-moving nektonic carnivore