Level 223, Core SL-49, Gatun Fm. (Pliocene of Panama)

Where: Panama (9.1° N, 80.0° W: paleocoordinates 9.0° N, 79.3° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Gatun Formation, Pliocene (5.3 - 2.6 Ma)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marginal marine; gray, argillaceous, sandy siltstone

Size class: microfossils

Preservation: original sporopollenin

Collection methods: core, chemical, mechanical,

Primary reference: A. Graham, R. H. Stewart, and J. L. Stewart. 1985. Studies in Neotropical Paleobotany. III. The Tertiary communities of Panama - Geology of the pollen-bearing deposits. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 72:485-503 [E. Kowalski/E. Kowalski/E. Kowalski]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 32311: authorized by Elizabeth Kowalski, entered by Elizabeth Kowalski on 20.06.2003

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Plantae indet., Ctenitis sp., "Fern" indet., cf. Agularia sp., cf. Glycydendrum sp., Chomelia sp.
Plantae indet. Haeckel 1866
"Fern" indet.
monolete spore
Angiospermae
 Poales - Poaceae
"Gramineae indet." = Poaceae
"Gramineae indet." = Poaceae Barnhart 1895 true grass
 Mesangiosperms - Arecaceae
"Palmae indet." = Arecaceae
"Palmae indet." = Arecaceae von Berchtold and Presl 1820 palm
 Aquifoliales - Aquifoliaceae
Ilex sp.
Ilex sp. Linnaeus 1753 holly
 Malpighiales - Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora sp.
Rhizophora sp. Linnaeus 1753 true mangrove
Polypodiopsida
 Cyatheales - Polypodiidae
Alsophila sp., Cyathea sp.
Alsophila sp. Brown 1810 scaly tree fern
Cyathea sp. Smith 1793 scaly tree fern
 Polypodiales - Polypodiidae
Pteris sp.
Pteris sp. Linnaeus 1753
Ceratopteris
  -
Ceratopteris sp.
Ceratopteris sp. Brongniart 1821