Walton-on-the-Naze, Suffolk [Red Crag] (Pliocene of the United Kingdom)

Where: England, United Kingdom (51.9° N, 1.3° E: paleocoordinates 51.9° N, 1.0° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Red Crag Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Red Crag, which is regionally overlies the Coralline Crag. AGE: Late Pliocene, according to Rayner, 1981 on the basis of foraminiferal and palynological biostratigraphy. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From unknown position within formation.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Not stated in text, but siliciclastic based on observation of specimens. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, based on observation and figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original aragonite, original calcite

Collection methods: COLLECTOR: Not stated, but probably Stearns Wood, c. 1840's-1870's. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text.

Primary reference: S. V. Wood. 1879. Monograph of the Crag Mollusca with descriptions of shells from the upper tertiaries of the east of England 4:1-58 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 84764: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 10.11.2008

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for mollusca. Other volumes when entered will include bryozoa, brachiopoda, and anthozoa. NOMENCLATURE: Authoritative publication, but with antiquated nomenclature, which is revised where possible through more recent sources.
Gastropoda
 Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae
Eulima subulata3 Montagu 1808 snail
Eulima polita1 Linnaeus 1767 snail
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
Cerithium granosum1 Wood 1842 cerith snail
Cerithium variculosum Nyst 1844 cerith snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
Turritella planispira3 Wood 1842 turret shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae
"Vermetus intortus" = Petaloconchus intortus3
"Vermetus intortus" = Petaloconchus intortus3 Lamarck 1818 worm shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Triviidae
"Erato laevis" = Erato voluta3, "Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana1
"Erato laevis" = Erato voluta3 Montagu 1803 snail
"Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana1 Sowerby 1823 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Ovulidae
"Ovula leathesii" = Neosimnia leathesi1
"Ovula leathesii" = Neosimnia leathesi1 Sowerby 1825 snail
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
Cancellaria coronata1 Scacchi 1844 snail
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
"Clavatula turricula" = Propebela turricula1
"Clavatula turricula" = Propebela turricula1 Montagu 1803 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae
Clavatula costata1 Da Costa 1778 snail
Clavatula cancellata1 Sowerby 1827 snail
Clavatula boothii1 Smith 1838 snail
Clavatula mitrula1 Sowerby 1822 snail
Clavatula laevigata1 Philippi 1836 snail
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
"Pleurotoma linearis" = Turris3, "Pleurotoma turrifera" = Turris3, "Pleurotoma ? rufa" = Turris3
"Pleurotoma linearis" = Turris3 turrid
"Pleurotoma turrifera" = Turris3 turrid
"Pleurotoma ? rufa" = Turris3 turrid
 Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae
"Pleurotoma nebula" = Mangelia nebula3
"Pleurotoma nebula" = Mangelia nebula3 Montagu 1803 snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
"Buccinum dalei" = Liomesus dalei1, Buccinum undatum1
"Buccinum dalei" = Liomesus dalei1 Sowerby 1825 true whelk
Buccinum undatum1 Linnaeus 1758 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
"Nassa labiosa" = Amyclina labiosa3, "Nassa elegans" = Nassarius (Tritonella) elegans1, "Nassa propinqua" = Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus1, "Nassa reticosa" = Nassarius (Uzita) reticosus1, "Nassa conglobata" = Demoulia conglobata1
"Nassa labiosa" = Amyclina labiosa3 Sowerby 1824 snail
"Nassa elegans" = Nassarius (Tritonella) elegans1 Sowerby 1824 snail
"Nassa propinqua" = Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus1 Sowerby 1824 snail
"Nassa reticosa" = Nassarius (Uzita) reticosus1 Sowerby 1815 snail
"Nassa conglobata" = Demoulia conglobata1 Brocchi 1814 snail
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
Columbella sulcata1 Sowerby 1823 snail
 Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
"Trophon costiferum" = Buccinofusus costiferum1
"Trophon costiferum" = Buccinofusus costiferum1 Wood 1848 snail
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
"Purpura tetragona" = Spinucella tetragona1, Murex torturosus1, Trophon consocialis3, "Trophon muricatum" = Trophon muricatus1
"Purpura tetragona" = Spinucella tetragona1 Sowerby 1825 murex snail
Murex torturosus1 Sowerby 1823 murex snail
Trophon consocialis3 murex snail
"Trophon muricatum" = Trophon muricatus1 Montagu 1803 murex snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
"Natica catena" = Euspira catena3, "Natica clausa" = Cryptonatica affinis3, Natica varians3
"Natica catena" = Euspira catena3 da Costa 1778 moon snail
"Natica clausa" = Cryptonatica affinis3 Gmelin 1791 moon snail
Natica varians3 Tate 1893 moon snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Littorinidae
"Lacuna (Medoria) terebellata" = Eula terebellata3
"Lacuna (Medoria) terebellata" = Eula terebellata3 Nyst 1835 periwinkle
 Patellida - Acmaeidae
 Lepetellida - Fissurellidae
Emarginula crassa3 Sowerby 1813 snail
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
"Trochus zizyphinus" = Calliostoma zizyphinum3 Linnaeus 1758 top snail
"Trochus kicksii" = Calliostoma (Calliostoma) kickxii3 Nyst 1835 top snail
"Trochus adansoni" = Colliculus adansoni3 Payraudeau 1827 top snail
Trochus formosus3 top snail
Trochus tumidus3 top snail
Trochus montacuti3 top snail
 Heterostropha - Acteonidae
"Actaeon tornatilis" = Acteon3, "Actaeon subulatus" = Acteon subulatus3
"Actaeon tornatilis" = Acteon3 snail
"Actaeon subulatus" = Acteon subulatus3 Wood 1842 snail
 Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
"Chemnitzia communis" = Chrysallida communis3, Odostomia acuta3
"Chemnitzia communis" = Chrysallida communis3 Adams 1852 snail
Scaphopoda
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Dentalium dentalis3 tusk shell
Dentalium rectum3 tusk shell
Bivalvia
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Pecten tigrinus" = Palliolum tigrinum2, "Pecten dubius" = Aequipecten opercularis2, "Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio2
"Pecten tigrinus" = Palliolum tigrinum2 Müller 1776 scallop
"Pecten dubius" = Aequipecten opercularis2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
 Pectinida - Anomiidae
"Anomia patelliformis" = Pododesmus patelliformis2
"Anomia patelliformis" = Pododesmus patelliformis2 Linnaeus 1773 scallop
 Pectinida - Limidae
"Lima loscombii" = Limaria (Limatulella) loscombii2 Sowerby 1824 file clam
Lima exilis2 Wood 1839 file clam
 Arcida - Arcidae
Arca lactea2 Linnaeus 1767 ark
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
"Pectunculus glycymeris" = Glycymeris glycymeris2
"Pectunculus glycymeris" = Glycymeris glycymeris2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
"Modiola ? phaseolina" = Modiolula phaseolina3 Philippi 1844 mussel
Modiola barbata2 Linnaeus 1758 mussel
Modiola marmorata2 Forbes 1838 mussel
Modiola costulata2 Risso 1826 mussel
Mytilus edulis3 Linnaeus 1758 mussel
 Pandorida - Pandoridae
 Thraciida - Periplomatidae
 Hiatellida - Hiatellidae
"Saxicava rugosa" = Hiatella2
"Saxicava rugosa" = Hiatella2 clam
 Solenida - Pharidae
"Solen gladiolus" = Ensis macha2
"Solen gladiolus" = Ensis macha2 Molina 1782 clam
 Solenida - Solenidae
Solen ensis2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Pholadida - Myidae
"Mya arenaria" = Mya (Arenomya) arenaria3
"Mya arenaria" = Mya (Arenomya) arenaria3 Linnaeus 1758 softshell clam
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
"Corbula striata" = Caryocorbula striata2 Lamarck 1801 clam
 Pholadida - Pholadidae
"Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica2, "Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata2
"Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica2 Sowerby 1818 clam
"Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Venus fasciata" = Clausinella fasciata2, Artemis lentiformis2, Artemis lincta2, Tapes virginea2, Tapes texturata2, "Venerupis irus" = Irus irus2, "Venus imbricata" = Timoclea imbricata2, "Cytherea rudis" = Pitar (Pitar) rudis2, "Circe minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima3
"Venus fasciata" = Clausinella fasciata2 da Costa 1778 venus clam
Artemis lentiformis2 Sowerby 1818 venus clam
Artemis lincta2 Pulteney 1799 venus clam
Tapes virginea2 Linnaeus 1767 venus clam
Tapes texturata2 Lamarck 1818 venus clam
"Venerupis irus" = Irus irus2 Linnaeus 1767 venus clam
"Venus imbricata" = Timoclea imbricata2 Sowerby 1826 venus clam
"Cytherea rudis" = Pitar (Pitar) rudis2 Poli 1795 venus clam
"Circe minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima3 Montagu 1803 venus clam
 Cardiida - Mactridae
"Mactra arcuata" = Spisula arcuata2, Mactra solida2, "Mactra glauca" = Mactra (Mactra) glauca3, Mactra truncata2
"Mactra arcuata" = Spisula arcuata2 Sowerby 1817 clam
Mactra solida2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
"Mactra glauca" = Mactra (Mactra) glauca3 Born 1778 clam
Mactra truncata2 Montague 1808 clam
 Cardiida - Mesodesmatidae
"Mactra deaurata" = Mesodesma deauratum2
"Mactra deaurata" = Mesodesma deauratum2 Turton 1822 clam
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
Cardium strigilliferum3 Wood 1840 cockle
Cardium venustum2 Wood 1840 cockle
"Cardium parkinsoni" = Laevicardium (Dinocardium) parkinsoni2 Sowerby 1814 cockle
 Cardiida - Semelidae
Abra alba2, "Abra prismatica" = Abra (Abra) prismatica3, Abra fabalis n. sp.2
Abra alba2 Wood 1802 abra
"Abra prismatica" = Abra (Abra) prismatica3 Montagu 1808 abra
Abra fabalis n. sp.2 Wood 1850 abra
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
"Tellina crassa" = Arcopagia (Arcopagia) crassa2, Gastrana laminosa2, "Tellina praetenuis" = Macoma (Macoma) praetenuis2, "Tellina obliqua" = Macoma (Macoma) obliqua3
"Tellina crassa" = Arcopagia (Arcopagia) crassa2 Pennant 1777 tellin clam
Gastrana laminosa2 Sowerby 1827 tellin clam
"Tellina praetenuis" = Macoma (Macoma) praetenuis2 Leathes in Woodward 1830 tellin clam
"Tellina obliqua" = Macoma (Macoma) obliqua3 Sowerby 1817 tellin clam
 Cardiida - Lasaeidae
Kellia suborbicularis2 Montague 1803 kelly clam
Kellia ambigua2 Nyst and Westendorp 1839 kelly clam
"Montacuta bidentata" = Diarmaidia bidentata2 Montague 1803 kelly clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
Cardita scalaris2 Sowerby 1825 clam
Cardita corbis2 Philippi 1836 clam
Cardita senilis3 Lamarck 1805 clam
 Carditida - Astartidae
Astarte crebrilirata2 Wood 1850 clam
"Astarte obliquata" = Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata2 Sowerby 1817 clam
"Astarte galeotti" = Astarte (Astarte) galeotti3 Nyst 1835 clam
"Astarte basterotii" = Isocrassina basteroti2 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
Astarte digitaria2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
Astarte triangularis2 Montague 1803 clam
Astarte compressa2 Montague 1808 clam
"Astarte forbesi" = Digitaria forbesi3 Wood 1874 clam
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
"Nucula laevigata" = Leionucula laevigata2, "Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus3, "Nucula ? tenuis" = Ennucula tenuis3, "Nucula cobboldae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae3
"Nucula laevigata" = Leionucula laevigata2 Sowerby 1818 nut clam
"Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus3 Linnaeus 1758 nut clam
"Nucula ? tenuis" = Ennucula tenuis3 Montagu 1808 nut clam
"Nucula cobboldae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae3 Linnaeus 1767 divaricate nutclam