Osteichthyes - Clupeiformes - Clupeidae
Parent taxon: Clupeidae according to P. Oyanadel-Urbina et al. 2021
See also Arambourg 1925, Baykina 2013, Grande 1982, Kovalchuk et al. 2020, Nelson et al. 2016, Steurbaut 1984 and Weiler 1938
Sister taxa: Alisea, Alosa, Anchoa, Audenaerdia, Bolcaichthys, Brevoortia, Chasmoclupea, Clupea, Clupeidarum, Dorosomatinae, Dussumieria, Ehiravinae, Eoalosa, Epelichthys, Etringus, Ganoessus, Hypsospondylus, Nolfia, Opisthonema, Pellonula, Pellonulinae, Pomolobus, Quisque, Sardina, Sardinops, Sarmatella, Spratelloides, Trollichthys, Waihaoclupea, Wisslerius, Xenophanis, Xenothrissa, Xyne, Xyrinius
Subtaxa: Clupeonella Ellimma Harengula Maicopiella Rupelia Sardinella Sprattus
Ecology: nektonic carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Greece (1 collection), Japan (1), Turks and Caicos Islands (1)
• Pliocene of New Zealand (1), United States (1: Florida)
• Miocene of Azerbaijan (4), Germany (1), Indonesia (1), Italy (3), Japan (2), New Zealand (6), Romania (1), the Russian Federation (2), Venezuela (1)
• Oligocene of Azerbaijan (1), Czechia (4), Germany (1), Poland (1), Romania (4), the Russian Federation (3), Ukraine (1)
• Cretaceous of Brazil (1)
Total: 42 collections including 56 occurrences